青藏高原雪冰黑碳对典型海洋和大陆冰川流域水文过程影响的对比研究

In recent years, the glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) present an ensemble of negative mass balance with a distinct spatial-heterogeneity, posing a significant impact on hydrological process of the rivers fed by snow and ice melt water. Black carbon in snow is regarded as an important contributor to the spatial differences. However, it is not clear about how much black carbon concentration and its enrichment have an influence on glacier melt and hydrology. In the study, we choose a maritime glacier and a continental glacier, which are situated in the southeastern and westernmost TP, respectively. We sample the surface snow, observe the snow physical parameters, collect meteorological data and hydrological data for the glaciers and the basins. Then we analyze the samples in the laboratories and do simulations using a land surface hydrological model coupling a snow albedo module and a glacier mass - energy balance module within it. Our ultimate goals are (1) to clarify the effect of black carbon on glacier melt and the hydrology for typical marital and continental glaciers over the TP (2) to reveal the physical mechanism of these effect, and (3) to pave the way to evaluate the historical effects of black carbon on glacier melt and hydrology and project the responses of glaciers melt and the hydrology to black carbon in snow in future.

最近几十年来，青藏高原冰川总体呈现负的物质平衡状态，并存在巨大的空间差异，对雪冰融水补给河流的水文过程产生重大影响。雪冰黑碳被认为是引起上述冰川与水文过程空间差异的重要原因，然而当前青藏高原雪冰黑碳含量和富集过程对冰川融化和流域水文过程影响的物理机制并不清楚。本项目选择青藏高原东南和最西端典型的海洋型冰川和大陆型冰川，通过在冰川消融季节系统进行冰川取样观测、气象观测和水文观测，并结合实验分析和雪冰反照率-冰川物质能量平衡-陆面水文耦合模型模拟；定量评估雪冰黑碳对冰川融化和水文过程的影响，深入理解雪冰黑碳对冰川融化和流域水文过程的影响在青藏高原的空间分布差异及其控制机理，从而为评估历史时期和预测未来黑碳对冰川融化和水文过程的影响提供参考。