光的高阶波粒二象性研究

Particle-wave duality of lights is an old topic, but with strong vitality. In this project, we focus on the high-order particle-wave duality of multi-photon systems (even including classical lights). The theoretical investigation in this project will be accompanied by the corresponding experimental desings. In the aspect of theoretical investigation, we have aleady generalized the concept of particle-wave dualtiy from the first-order case to the higher-order case. The theoretical work following the previous ones in this project mainly includes: the potential relationship between the high-order duality and quantum uncertainty in an optical system; the difference between the effects of a classical beam splitter and a quantum beam splitter on the input lights; the role of quantum entanglement in a duality experiment involving a quantum beam splitter; the definition of a general quantum beam splitter and its effects on the particle-like behavior and the wave-like behavior of lights, and so on. In the aspect of experimental designs, we plan to, (i) present the realizations for some new types of quantum beam splitters. We hope these designs will be concise, practical and representative; (ii) propose 2-4 experimental schemes on high-order duality. These experimental schemes have to be in accord with current technologies, and implementable, so that we can directly connect the theoretical investigation to its experimental verification. The researches presented in this project are not only related to the fundamental concepts of quantum theory, but also connected to the experiments, which help us deepen the understanding of the particle-wave duality, and as well the essence of light.

光的波粒二象性是古老而又具有极强生命力的研究课题。本项目拟从理论探讨和实验设计两个方面对多光子体系（包括经典光）的高阶波粒二象性进行深入研究。理论方面，我们已经把波粒二象性的概念从一阶情形推广到任意高阶的情形，接下来的研究内容主要包括：光的高阶波粒二象性与系统量子不确定度的潜在关联；光经过经典分束器和量子分束器的行为差异；量子纠缠在量子分束器实验中所起的作用；广义量子分束器的定义及其对光的波动与粒子特性的影响，等等。实验设计方面，我们计划：（i）给出各类新型量子分束器的设计方案，力求简洁、实用、具代表性；（ii）提出2-4个与高阶波粒二象性有关的实验方案，让理论研究与实验验证相结合。方案要符合当前的技术水平，具有实验可操作性。本项目既是对量子理论基本概念的深入探讨，又能跟实验直接挂钩，两方面都有助于我们推广对波粒二象性的认识、加深对光的本质的理解。

光的波粒二象性是古老而又具有极强生命力的研究课题。本项目从理论上探讨了多光子体系中的波粒二象性问题及其与体系内量子关联的潜在关系。项目的研究内容可以大致分为三个部分。第一部分：我们把光的波粒二象性研究做了以下推广：I、从以往的单光子光源推广到了多光子光源；II、从以往的理想无损耗情形拓展到光路中有损耗的情形；III、把以往只有两条路径的情形扩展到有N条路径的情形；第二部分是关于波粒二象性的测量：我们深入讨论了用傅里叶光谱来记录光子轨迹的方法，指出了由Vaidman团队首创的这一方法的局限性，并做了相应改进。其次，我们提出了两个具体可操作的方案来实现干涉粒子的波动性和粒子性的同时测量。第三部分内容是关于多体系统内部的量子关联：我们为高维多体系统量子态的量子纠缠找出了一系列的witness，这使得高维多体量子纠缠的判断更加简单，可操作性更强。另外，我们还提出了一个两体高维系统量子关联的度量方案，避免了以往度量方案需要用到的优化过程，使高维量子关联的计算变得简洁明快。此外，我们在多种光学系统中讨论了非经典态以及纠缠态的制备方案，并讨论了这些量子态的非经典特性。.. 这三方面的研究工作承前启后，上下衔接，体现了我们在项目执行期间，研究工作的渐进性，研究深度不断加强。研究内容紧跟相关领域当前的科研前沿与热点。圆满完成了项目申报书和计划书中设定的研究任务，达到了预期目标。 .. 本项目的成果主要以学术论文的形式呈现。截止目前，项目组成员在各类SCI期刊上已经发表了学术论文11篇，其中二区期刊SCI论文5篇，包括：Optics Express 2篇，Physical Review A，Laser Physics Letters和Frontiers of Physics 各1篇。非二区SCI学术论文6篇，包括：Optics Communications, Quantum Information Processing, Chinese Physics Letters, Chinese Physics B, Optik 和International Journal of Theoretical Physics各1篇。除了以上已经发表的SCI学术论文之外，我们课题组目前还有两篇论文处在审稿阶段。