海域承载力视角下海洋渔业空间布局优化的模型及应用

In recent years, the layout of marine fishery has some problems, such as oversized bearing capacity of the sea and too centralized marine aquaculture and offshore fishing industry, and it is urgent to be optimized. This program is to study how to optimize the fishery space layout on the angle of bearing capacity of the sea. Firstly, build the reasonable interval model of bearing capacity, the optimal yield model and the optimal structure model in order to complete the construction of a reasonable degree model of layout, and to form perfect optimized layout objectives and standards. Secondly, construct the static and dynamic realization model of Marine fishery space layout optimization, to determine the static and dynamic realization path to optimize space layout and to make sure the realization of optimization. And thirdly, apply the target model and realization model to the optimization of marine fishery space layout of Shandong peninsula blue area to focus on the space optimization of Laizhou Bay Marine aquaculture, Rongcheng marine fishery industry, Rushan fishery processing industry and Zhucha island recreational fishery. Measure the reasonable degree of its layout, determine the static and dynamic realization path to optimize space layout and simulate the output of the space layout diagram of Shandong peninsula marine fishery dynamically to determine the space layout optimization pattern and countermeasures of marine fishery. This program innovatively builds the marine fishery space layout model based on the waters bearing capacity which has clear goals and orders, and applies it to the practice, perfecting marine fishery space layout optimization theory and providing useful guidance and reference to it.

近年来海洋渔业布局存在海域承载力过大、海水养殖业和近海捕捞业布局过于集中等问题，亟须布局优化。本项目从海域承载力的视角研究海洋渔业空间布局优化：建立空间布局优化承载力合理区间模型、最优产量模型、最优结构模型，完成布局合理度模型的构建，形成完善的布局优化目标与标准；构建海洋渔业空间布局优化静态及动态实现模型，确定空间布局优化静态和动态实现路径，保证优化目标实现；将目标模型和实现模型应用于山东半岛蓝区海洋渔业空间布局的优化，重点研究莱州湾海水养殖业、荣成海洋捕捞业、乳山渔业加工业、竹岔岛休闲渔业的布局优化。测算其布局合理度，确定布局优化静态和动态实现路径，动态模拟输出山东半岛海洋渔业空间布局图，确定海洋渔业空间布局优化模式和对策。本项目创新性地构建了目标明确、清晰有序的基于海域承载力的海洋渔业空间布局优化模型并应用于实践，完善海洋渔业空间布局优化理论，为海洋渔业空间布局优化提供有效指导与借鉴。

近年来推进全国海洋渔业供给侧结构性改革，强调水域生态环境保护，建设海洋生态文明是海洋渔业转型升级的重点。本项目从海域承载力的视角，研究海洋渔业空间布局优化：建立海域承载力的评估指标体系，构建海域承载力视角下海洋渔业空间布局优化合理度及最优产量模型，形成完善的布局优化目标模型；构建海洋渔业空间布局优化静态及动态实现模型，确定海洋渔业空间布局优化静态和动态实现路径；将目标模型和实现模型应用于山东半岛蓝色经济区海洋渔业空间布局优化，重点研究东营-滨州示范区海水养殖业、山东半岛海洋捕捞业及休闲渔业的布局优化，对山东半岛海域承载力进行评价，测算“蓝区”海洋渔业空间布局合理度、协调度及最优产量，明确“蓝区”海洋渔业空间布局优化次序、布局策略及演进路径，确定“蓝区”海洋渔业空间布局优化的模式和对策。结果显示，海域承载力视角下海洋捕捞业、海水养殖业和休闲渔业空间布局的最优备选区域均为烟台，最劣备选区域均为日照。潍坊和青岛为综合提升发展区域，青岛、日照、东营、滨州为引进先进技术和优化养殖模式区域，烟台为加强生态保护区域。本项目构建了海域承载力的海洋渔业空间布局优化模型，完善海洋渔业空间布局优化理论并应用于山东半岛蓝色经济区海洋渔业空间布局优化实践，模拟出海域承载力视角下海水养殖业、海洋捕捞业空间布局优化图，为我国沿海省市海洋渔业的空间布局优化提供有效指导与借鉴。