微微型褐潮无人机高光谱检测方法研究

Since 2009, brown tide has taken place continuously for 6 years along the coast of Qinhuangdao, with the distribution area of thousands of square kilometers, making China be the third country brown tide occurred in after United States and South Africa. The consecutive occurred brown tide significantly damaged the mariculture industry and marine ecological environment, causing a direct economic loss of hundreds of millions yuan. Thus it has become the hot topic. For the lack of understanding of the brown tide optical properties and detection method, the brown tide operational monitoring, at present, completely depend on the field observation, which is inefficient and needs more manpower and resources.. This project intends to make the best use of hyperspectral and UAV and develop the brown tide monitoring technique based on UAV hyperspectral. By obtaining sea and air sync stereoscopic observation data of brown tide, this project will reveal the optical and biological properties of brown tide at different age and its environmental impact. The characteristic parameter of brown tide will be selected. Then the high precision detection method for brown tide on UAV hyperspectral will be finally implemented. The production of this project will provide technical support for brown tide monitoring and disaster mitigation, prevention.

2009年至今，褐潮在我国秦皇岛海域连续6年发生，分布面积达数千平方公里，我国成为继美国、南非之后全球第三个发生褐潮的国家。连年爆发的褐潮，给当地扇贝养殖业和生态环境造成了严重影响，直接经济损失上亿元，成为海洋管理和公众关注的热点问题。由于缺乏对褐潮光学性质的了解和有针对性的褐潮遥感监测方法研究，目前褐潮业务化监测完全依赖现场船舶走航观测，监测效率低，且人力、物力耗费巨大。. 本项目拟充分发挥高光谱遥感精细监测，无人机机动灵活、不受云层遮挡的优势，开展褐潮无人机高光谱遥感监测技术研究：通过获取褐潮海空同步立体观测数据，揭示褐潮不同发展阶段的生物光学性质及环境影响，遴选褐潮特征参量，建立褐潮高光谱遥感检测模型，实现基于无人机高光谱的褐潮高精度检测，为褐潮业务化监测和防灾减灾提供技术支撑。

秦皇岛是我国著名沿海旅游风景区，是著名的避暑、疗养胜地。但同时，秦皇岛又面临着严重的环境问题，赤潮频发。特别是2009年以来，褐潮在皇岛海域连年爆发，我国成为继美国、南非之后全球第三个发生褐潮的国家。除了褐潮，秦皇岛海域赤潮同样频发，给当地了带来了严重的经济损失。基于此，本项目围绕秦皇岛海域赤潮/褐潮开展了系统研究，旨在摸清秦皇岛海域赤潮发生发展过程及其特征，并建立相应的探测方法，并探究秦皇岛赤潮发生原因。. 经过3年的研究，本项目成功捕获了1次赤潮过程，获取了秦皇岛赤潮过程水体生物光学性质变化特征；搜集了2010年以来秦皇岛海域水质监测数据，分析了秦皇岛海域水体环境时空变化特征；遴选了褐潮遥感探测算法，RI（Red tide index）在众多赤潮遥感探测算法中表现较好；针对赤潮遥感探测，发展了机载高光谱赤潮探测算法和宽波段高分辨率卫星数据的赤潮探测算法，实现了赤潮的有效探测。