毒害物质在红树林生态系统的累积规律及其生态环境影响

Mangrove forest has a wide biodiversity and bioremediation capacity. In the prent project, both the natural mangrove laboratory with different pollution levels and the simulation test are used, and isotope techniques of 13C, 15N and 210Pb are also applied. The typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs, e.g., organochloride pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As) are chose for the targeted compounds. The concentrations, sources and fates of the persistent toxic substance (PTS) in typical mangroves (stem, root, leaf and fruit) and their environmental media (water, sediment and organism) in the Hainan Dongzhaigang, Hainan Sanya, and Shenzhen Futian mangrove protect zones will be systemically analyzed. Relationships between the concentrations of PTS in core sediemnts and those in mangrove tree rings will be studied, and check whether the mangrove tree ring can be used to represent the pollution history in the surrounding environment. Bioaccumulative dynamics of PTS in mangrove seedling and their molecular ecological effects will be simulated in laboratory. Combined to the investigation results in situ, the accumulation characteristics and the decontamination mechanism of PTS in mangroves will be studied. The ecological model of PTS migration in mangrove system will also be built. The enviroment geochemical behavior of pollutants in the mangrove ecosystem and their potential risk to the eco-environmental quality in the adjacent seawater areas will be elucidated. The present results will be better provided the scientific foundations for using mangroves to bio-decontaminate PTS pollution and mangrove forest sustainable development.

红树林生态系统具有高的生物多样性和生物修复能力.采用不同污染水平的红树林天然实验室和控制条件下模拟试验相结合的方法, 应用13C、15N和210Pb同位素技术,以典型持久性有机污染物(POPs,如:有机氯农药、多环芳烃和多溴联苯醚)和重金属为目标化合物,系统分析海南东寨港、三亚和深圳福田红树林保护区典型红树植物(根、茎、叶、果)及其环境介质(水、沉积物和生物体)中毒害物质的含量、来源和归宿；研究典型毒害物质在柱状沉积物与红树年轮之间的相关性,分析红树年轮对污染历史的指示作用；模拟毒害物质在红树幼苗的累积动力学及其分子生态效应,结合现场调查结果,阐明红树植物对毒害物质的累积规律及其抗污染机制；建立红树林生态系统中毒害物质的迁移生态模型,探讨污染物在红树林生态系统中的环境地球化学行为及其对区域生态环境质量的潜在风险,为利用红树植物生物净化毒害物质的污染和红树林生态系统的可持续发展提供科学依据.

红树林生态系统具有高的生物多样性和生物修复能力。过去的数十年，红树林湿地被广泛地应用于处理废水，但究竟有多少污染物被红树林截留仍然不清楚；海南红树林面积占我国的1/3，其中东寨港被列入的国际重要湿地，目前世界范围内红树组织中POPs的相关研究极少。本项目选取典型持久性有机污染物（POPs）和重金属为目标化合物，系统研究了海南东寨港、三亚湾和亚龙湾红树林保护区典型红树植物及其环境介质中毒害物质（PTS）的累积规律及其生态环境影响，并与深圳福田红树林保护区进行对比，同时研究了典型亚热带海湾生态系统中PTS沿食物网的生物累积及营养盐与颗粒有机物等环境影响因素；分析了典型PTS在红树林柱状沉积物与红树年轮样品中的含量，开展了PTS在红树幼苗的累积动力学及其分子生态效应的模拟试验；结合现场调查结果，阐明红树植物对PTS的累积规律及其抗污染机制，初步建立了红树林生态系统中PTS迁移的概念模型、估算了POPs的物质循环，探讨了污染物在红树林生态系统中的环境地球化学行为及其对区域生态环境质量的潜在风险，研究成果可为利用红树植物生物净化PTS的污染和红树林生态系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。.本研究获得了海南东寨港、三亚湾和亚龙湾红树林保护区9种红树植物（根、茎、叶和果）和沉积物中POPs（PAHs、PBDEs/DP、PCBs和有机氯农药）和重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As）的详实的污染数据，证实红树林截留POPs和重金属的重要作用，提出藻类（浮游植物和大型藻类）的生物富集作用是毒害物质向更高营养级生物传递的重要途径。目前，已发表期刊论文8篇（第一标注6篇、第二标注2篇），其中，SCI论文3篇（TOP论文1篇）、EI论文3篇、核心刊物论文2篇， 4篇会议论文摘要；待发表第一标注SCI论文3篇。