基于生态修复的山地梯田传统村落的地域建造体系及其绿色替代技术研究——以元阳哈尼梯田地区为例

This project addresses the actual needs of traditional villages’ renovation and rural construction. It starts with the construction system of traditional villages in mountain terrace areas. It then use scientific methods to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of regional construction technology to find the green alternative technologies of traditional construction technology and realize the sustainable update of traditional village buildings, as well as the protective continuation of the regional construction system. This project will focus on: 1) Establish a theory structure of the construction system of traditional villages in mountain terrace areas. 2) Establish a scientific analysis system based on scientific analysis and quantitative research of the traditional construction system. 3) Under the rural economic and technical conditions, the project is looking for green alternative technology, especially to maintain the traditional style and the local green alternative technology. In terms of application, this project follows the principles of science, systematism and practicability. In terms of design methodology, through exemplary practice to explore and verify the modern renewal of the regional construction technology, the project will realize the optimization of comprehensive performance and the goal of China's Rural Revitalization, combining local construction features and the sustainable design requirements. This project will propose a method of design optimization of regional construction system. It will inform the contemporary renovation in traditional villages, as well as extend the research horizon of regional architecture and regional construction system.

本项目面对我国传统村落保护更新和乡村建设的需求，从山地梯田地区传统村落的建造体系入手，运用科学方法分析地域建造技术的优势和不足，进而寻找对传统建造技术的绿色替代技术，实现传统村落建筑的可持续更新，以及对地域建造系统的保护性延续。本项目的研究重点是：（1）对山地梯田地区传统聚落的建造体系进行理论建构；（2）对传统建造体系本身进行科学分析和量化研究，建立科学分析系统；（3）在乡村经济技术条件下，寻找绿色替代性技术，特别是保持传统风貌的、偏重本土呈现的绿色替代技术。在应用上，本项目遵循系统性、科学性、实用性三个原则。在设计方法上，将地方建造特色与可持续设计要求相结合，通过示范性实践对地域建造技术的现代更新进行探索和验证，实现综合性能的优化，服务于我国乡村复兴的目标。本项目将提出地域建造体系的优化方法，具有指导传统村落保护更新和乡村建设的现实意义，也具拓展地区建筑和地域建造体系的学术价值。

课题组严格按照研究计划，保质保量地完成了既定目标。学术研究层面，通过对元阳山地梯田近20个传统村落及40余栋传统民居的测绘调研，建立地域建造体系数据库；基于生态效能计算机模拟，提出可持续的绿色更新技术及设计方法；基于研究成果，发表专著1本、核心期刊论文和国际会议论文20篇，培养硕士研究生5名，举办多次国内外学术研讨会，在乡村建设领域产生一定的学术影响。实践应用层面，提出基于生态修复的绿色替代性技术方案设计，出版了山地梯田传统建筑绿色替代技术的修建性导则和设计图集，完成一项绿色替代性技术示范性工程设计，实现传统村落民居的可持续更新，将在当地村落保护及民居更新工程中进行推广应用。课题成果不仅对我国传统村落的当代更新有所启示，也拓展了地区建筑和地域建造体系研究的视野和深度。