基于无线传感器网络的结构闭环智能控制理论与试验研究

Civil engineering structures under the effect of the external excitation such as the wind gusts and earthquakes are easy to produce large amplitude vibration, which results in the problem of the structural safety and comfort. In the last few decades, a number of control algorithms and vibration control devices have been developed and proposed for civil engineering applications. With development of wireless sensor network technology rapidly in recent years, the applied basic research for the closed-loop structural vibration control over wireless sensor network become a new subject and has the great significance for the development of disaster prevention and intelligent structure technology. In this project, we will revolve around key scientific problems of the closed-loop structural vibration control over wireless sensor network and focus to the efforts as following: (1) With the contrast test of wired control system and statistic theory, the relationship of the wireless signal transmission performance parameters (time delay, signal to noise ratio, signal lose ratio) and transmission distances will be obtained, and its mathematical model under the radio frequency communication or wireless network will be found. (2) Based on the methods and technologies such as time delay compensation, neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and the wavelet analysis, the intelligent structural vibration control algorithm for applying to the wireless sensor network structural vibration control system will be developed. (3) The experiment of the wireless sensor network structural vibration control system in a variety of wireless communication mode will be carried out, and the effect of vibration reduction for the proposed control algorithm will be evaluated comprehensively. Through a lot of theoretical and experimental research, a closed-loop intelligent structural vibration control theory over the wireless sensor network can be established. With these efforts, a new structural vibration control technology can be developed and applications of the wireless sensor network in the field of structural vibration control will become into the possible.

土木工程结构在外部激励作用下容易产生大幅振动，影响结构的安全与舒适，需要进行振动控制。无线传感器网络技术近年来发展迅速，开展基于无线传感器网络技术的结构主动或半主动振动控制应用基础研究，是一项全新的课题，对发展结构防灾减灾和智能结构技术具有重要意义。本项目将围绕无线传感器网络结构振动控制的关键科学问题开展研究，主要包括：(1)采用对比试验与统计理论，建立无线传感器网络结构振动控制系统信号传输性能参数（时滞、信噪比、信号丢失率）的数学模型；(2)基于时滞补偿、神经网络、模糊逻辑、遗传算法及粒子群优化、小波分析等方法与技术，发展适用无线传感器网络结构振动控制的智能自适应算法，并进行数值仿真分析；(3)开展不同无线通信方式下各种控制算法的试验研究，全面评估其减振效果。通过大量理论与试验研究，形成无线传感器网络结构振动控制的理论，开发新的结构振动控制技术，推动无线传感器网络在土木工程领域的应用。

土木工程结构在外部激励作用下容易产生大幅振动，影响结构的安全与舒适，需要进行振动控制。传统的闭环振动控制需要大量线缆连接传感器与作动器，对于大型结构难以实现且费用昂贵。另外，电缆在野外环境容易老化，控制系统使用寿命得不到保障。采用无线传感器网络技术则能较好地解决上述问题。因此，本项目开展基于无线传感器网络技术的结构主动或半主动振动控制应用基础研究，对发展结构防灾减灾和智能结构技术具有重要意义。本项目主要研究内容包括：(1)研发无线结构振动控制装置，研究无线传感器网络结构振动控制系统信号传输性能；(2)研究无线结构振动控制时滞补偿算法；(3)开展无线结构振动控制仿真分析与试验研究，评估无线结构振动控制效果。通过四年的理论与试验研究，取得了一些重要进展和研究成果：(1)与扬州科动电子有限责任公司合作，研发了无线结构振动控制装置，实现了结构响应与控制信号双向无线传输，测试了无线通信信号传输性能，得到了无线通信的信号丢失率、信号时滞等参数，结果显示，信号丢失率小于2%，信号时滞50ms；(2）对无线通信信号丢失与时滞对控制效果影响进行了分析，结果显示信号丢失率小于5%情况下，采用数据平滑技术补偿丢失数据对减振效果影响很小；当时滞大于100ms时结构振动控制效果明显下降；(3)针对无线结构振动控制时滞补偿算法开展了深入研究，提出了基于移相法的时滞补偿算法，采用该方法能大大提高控制效果，在时滞100ms情况下的补偿控制效果与无时滞时基本相等；(4)建立了拉索-磁致伸缩作动器实时控制实验系统，根据实验确定了作动器力学模型，开展了有线和无线控制实验，结果显示，在时滞48ms情况下，无线振动控制效果与有线控制效果基本相同，减振率超过70%。项目研究成果已公开发表论文13篇，其中SCI、EI收录6篇；获得发明专利5项、实用新型专利2项；培养学术骨干1名、硕士研究生7名。