含减震外挂墙板预制混凝土框架结构体系抗震性能和设计方法研究

With rapid development of constructional industry, the precast sandwich concrete wall panel, as a high-performance cladding panel, has been increasingly adopted in real engineering practice. However, research on the mechanical behavior of this wall panel and the associated influence on the seismic performance of the overall structure is inadequate, leading to severe security risks. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional non-combined concrete sandwich wall panel, including thick structural panel and large gravity, a ribbed concrete sandwich wall panel is proposed in this project. Specifically, a double row of steel bar connection method is proposed to connect the frame and wall panel at the upper region, and the U-shaped steel plate damper is adopted to connect the frame and wall panel at the lower region, forming a precast concrete frame structure system with damping cladding panels. Through feasible design, the damping unit which is composed of the sandwich panel and the steel plate damper will keep elastic under frequent earthquake, increasing the stiffness and loading capacity of the structure. While under medium and rare earthquake, the damper is expected to dissipate energy through the relative horizontal sliding between the sandwich panel and the main structure, thus reducing the damage of the structure and improve the seismic performance. The main goals of this project are (1) the mechanical behavior and optimization design method for the ribbed concrete sandwich wall panel; (2) the seismic damage evolution mechanism and analytical model for the precast reinforced concrete frame with damping cladding panels; and (3) energy-based designed method for this new type of structure. The research outcome will assist in improving the seismic performance of precast reinforced concrete structures, which has notable scientific significance and engineering value.

随着我国建筑工业化的迅速发展，预制混凝土夹心保温外墙板作为一种高性能外围护构件逐渐得到广泛应用。目前我国无论是针对这种墙板本身还是针对其对主体结构抗震性能影响的研究都不够充分，带来严重的安全隐患。本项目首先针对非组合夹心保温墙板中结构板较厚、自重大的问题，研发带肋夹心保温外墙板。在此基础上，提出在墙板上部与主体结构间采用线连接，底部设置U形钢板消能器，形成含减震外挂墙板的预制混凝土框架结构体系。通过合理设计，墙板与消能器组成的减震单元小震下保持弹性，提高结构刚度和承载力，中大震下消能器利用墙板与结构间的相对滑移耗散能量，减轻主体结构的损伤。项目重点研究：1.带肋夹心保温外墙板的受力性能和优化设计方法；2.含减震外挂墙板预制混凝土框架结构体系的地震损伤演化规律和分析模型；3.新型结构体系基于能量的实用设计方法。项目的研究成果对提升我国预制混凝土结构的抗震性能有重要的科学意义和工程价值。

本项目首先针对非组合夹心保温墙板中结构板较厚、自重大的问题，研发带肋夹心保温外墙板。在此基础上，提出在墙板上部与主体结构间采用线连接，底部设置U形钢板消能器，形成含减震外挂墙板的预制混凝土框架结构体系。主要研究内容和重要研究进展如下：.（1）对采用GFRP拉结件预制混凝土夹心保温外墙板进行平面外静力加载试验，研究了墙板的受力过程和破坏模式，以及结构板厚度、内叶板形式、加载方向及保温板的存在与否对其力学性能的影响。.（2）对已有研究中的U型钢板消能器试验数据进行了收集整理，分析了不同材料U型钢板消能器的滞回耗能特征。研究了分别适用于构件层次分析和结构分析层次的U型钢板消能器精细有限元模型和简化有限元模型建模方法，并建议了其初始刚度和屈服强度的计算公式。.（3）设计并制作了一榀足尺含减震外挂墙板装配式混凝土剪力墙试件，通过拟静力试验研究了这一结构的抗震性能和损伤机理，验证了项目所提出新型结构的可靠性和可行性。.（4）对两榀分别采用X型和U型钢板消能器作为耗能连接的钢框架和一榀作为对比的纯钢框架试件进行了拟静力试验研究，并对所采用的两种消能器进行了拟静力试验研究，研究了采用耗能连接的外挂墙板对钢框架的初始刚度、承载力和耗能能力的影响。.（5）设计了两榀6层3跨平面框架结构，分别为含有和不含减震外挂墙板的钢筋混凝土框架结构。取其底部中跨两层作为试验子结构进行了混合试验，研究了减震外挂墙板在不同水准地震作用下的减震效果。在此基础上，通过拟静力试验，进一步评估了含减震外挂墙板钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能。.（6）针对含减震外挂墙板钢筋混凝土结构提出了“小震及中震不坏，大震可更换、可修复，巨震不倒塌”的四水准抗震设防目标，并给出了能够实现这一设防目标的基于能量平衡的设计方法。.项目的研究成果已被一本相关地方标准采纳，对这一新型体系的推广和应用起到了促进作用，具有较强的工程实用价值和应用前景。