黄河上游电网中水电对火电补偿机理与补偿效益研究

Highly efficient utilization of water resources is one of the important study directions of hydrological sciences, the scientific and technical key problems are how to efficient use of water resources to giving full play to the advantages of hydropower and compensate for thermal power. The way to crack the problem is that studying on hydropower resources compensation function, mechanism and benefits 。Hydropower grid can significantly bring compensation benefits for energy production and power network operation 。In the day which the climate conference emissions reduction is increasingly urgent ，hydroelectric energy status continuously strengthened , the research of Hydropower station compensation benefit for power station mechanism and the reasonable calculation of benefit are related to water and electric pricing and compensation，it can affect the health of hydropower development 。 In the cascade development and the changes in electricity market environment ，hydropower stations compensation adjustment for power stations is more complicated 。As the result, it is particularly important to research hydropower stations compensation mechanism for power stations in electric power market environment.There are three levels of the project on study. First, studying on hydropower stations compensation mechanism and compensation benefits for power station and building different types of compensation benefits system models; second, studying on the calculation method research of hydropower stations compensation benefits for power stations and finding out the calculation method of compensation benefits of different types. Third, studying on different combination models of compensate benefit optimized plan in electric power market and studying on different patterns and instances combined with the grids. The results will provide theoretical basis for water and electricity pricing and compensation .In conclusion, the project has important theoretical and practical value.

水资源高效利用是水文学科重要研究方向之一，其中如何高效利用水能，发挥水电优势，对火电进行补偿，已成为关键科学技术难题。破解这一难题的途径是研究水能资源补偿作用、机理和效益。水电加盟电网为能源生产与电网运行带来显著补偿效益。在气候大会减排要求日益迫切的今天，水电能源地位不断得到强化，水电对火电补偿机理研究和效益合理计算关系到电网中水电定价和补偿，影响水电健康发展。在梯级开发和电力市场变化环境下，水电对火电补偿调节更为复杂。因此，研究电力市场环境下水电对火电补偿理论显得尤为重要。项目进行三个层次的研究，一是水电对火电补偿理论体系研究，构建不同类型补偿效益模型体系。二是水电对火电补偿调度研究，建立模型和求解，提出不同类型补偿效益计算方法；三是电力市场环境下不同组合模式下补偿效益方案优选研究，结合电网进行不同模式实例研究。成果将为水电定价和补偿提供理论依据，因此，该项目具有重要的理论和实用价值。

在气候大会减排要求日益迫切的环境下，水电能源地位不断得到提升，水电对火电补偿机理揭示和效益合理计算关系到水电健康发展。主要研究内容与成果主要有：.（1）构建水电对火电补偿理论体系框架。从水电对火电补偿效益概念及内涵、补偿关系、补偿效益组成及特性、补偿效益分类、计算机理和补偿效益综合分摊等方面构建了水电对火电补偿效益的理论体系。.（2）揭示水电对火电补偿效益产生机理。利用能值理论和外部性理，通过识别各种因素对补偿效益的影响及贡献，从资源可再生性和清洁生产两方面揭示了水电站对火电站补偿机理。.（3）建立电网中水电与火电联合调度仿真模型及求解。水火混合电网系统包含三级四库梯级水电站和三个火电厂，以水电的出力最大、火电机组的煤耗量最小及污染气体排放量最小为目标，建立联合调度仿真模型；通过比选多种优化求解方法后，选用类电磁机制算法对该模型进行求解。.(4)构建不同类型补偿效益模型。在水电对火电补偿理论体系基础上，构建了生态环境补偿效益、节能补偿效益和社会补偿效益等主要补偿效益模型。研究结果表明：混合电网中水火电联合调度时，四座水电站每年的减排补偿效益为1761.36万元。刘家峡水库2020水平年的氧气生态补偿效益为5156万元；龙羊峡和刘家峡2020水平年的节能补偿效益分别为103582万元和104507万元；水电对火电的社会补偿效益为1357万元。.（5）提出水电对火电补偿效益分摊方法。从补偿效益产生机理出发，结合各项补偿效益核算方法，引入博弈论，提出基于均值处理的博弈论分摊法分摊水电对火电的生态环境补偿效益；根据谁投资谁受益的原则，提出补偿效益投资比例分摊法分摊水电对火电的节能补偿效益；针对社会补偿效益的公益性，提出国家买单补偿分摊。.该研究成果为水电发展政策制定、水电定价和补偿机制制定提供理论依据，进而推动水电事业的健康发展和保障国家的能源安全。因此，该研究成果具有重要的理论和实用价值。