新一代产品几何量技术规范的范畴纤维化模型及智能专家系统的研究与开发

Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS) matrix system is a universal tool for expressing geometrical requirements on product design drawings. Although commonly acknowledged by industrial users as one of the most successful efforts in integrating existing product lifecycle standards, the new generation of GPS standards are considered to be too theoretical, complex and over-elaborate for industry, especially for small medium sized enterprises (SMEs).Therefore, in order to overcome current GPS application problems and drawbacks of software packages in their practical use , a unified mathematical model and an integrated GPS expert system based on this model will be researched in this project. This unified model that contains categorical internal and external modeling diagrams, as well as a dynamic morphism mapping mechanism between them, can gracefully fuse data concept abstraction and formal method specification together based on the Category Theory. The categorical internal model focuses researches on how to completely express the complicated GPS world by using various mathematic constructs and morphisms in the Category Theory. The categorical external model is a knowledge application model, which researches on how to dynamically generate GPS knowledge from internal model by using the designed morphism mapping mechanism. And then, based on the unified model, an innovative expert system - the VirtualGPS that provides an integrated GPS knowledge platform with knowledge inference and accessing facilities will be researched, and the main research contents of VirtualGPS are: 1)Integrate all the GPS data and information from modeling diagrams of internal model, covering dimensional and geometrical tolerancing, surface properties and related verification principles, measuring equipment and calibration requirements, uncertainty and so on, into a single software platform, and develop the corresponding categorical database system to persist and manage this computerized integration; 2)Based on the mapping mechanism between internal and external model and uncertainty theory of GPS, research and develop the GPS knowledge base, case base and knowledge inference engine that supports translating GPS standards and rules into the forms of complete GPS technical specifications and computerized expert advices during the whole product lifecycle; 3)Research about the new features of functional tolerance and functional verification by using the generated GPS technical specifications; 4)Research on how to evaluate, manage and optimize the rationality, compatibility and general uncertainty of GPS technical specification among different production stages; 5)Develop the SOA software architecture to support dynamic configuration and evolution of GPS knowledge according to requirements of service-oriented GPS applications；6）Research the knowledge-transfer mechanism between VirtualGPS and other CAx software.

为了解决新一代产品几何量技术规范（GPS）标准体系在中小型企业的贯彻实施难题，促进GPS的信息化和智能化发展，本项目研究构建基于范畴论的统一数学模型-范畴纤维化（内/外）模型来对新一代GPS进行整体建模，并基于此模型，研发适应新一代GPS集成应用要求的智能专家系统（VirtualGPS）：基于内模型,研究GPS信息的结构化计算机集成并建立相应的数据库和算法库；利用内外模型之间的映射机制, 结合不确定度理论,研究并建立面向完整产品生命周期的GPS知识库、案例库和知识推理机并对推理出的GPS技术规范展开"功能公差"和"功能计量"相关新理念的研究；研究GPS技术规范在产品生命周期各阶段的统一融合与协调问题，构建技术规范的完整性、相容性、合理性以及不确定度的全局评估、管理与优化机制；研究软件系统的SOA架构, 实现面向GPS应用服务需求的知识模块动态配置与演化功能；研究与CAx的知识共享技术。

产品几何量技术规范标准体系（缩写为GPS）是当今唯一全球通用的公差规范设计语言，它可以清晰地表达与交流几何产品的功能需求并且精确地在工程设计制图上符号化表述出各种几何特征的相应几何公差要求。虽然GPS的应用水平是评判一个国家的制造业发展程度的一个重要指标，但是新一代GPS标准体系包括了体量庞大的、不同类型的数据、信息和知识 (计量数据、文本描述信息、图形符号、语义约束、新的算式和语义模糊推理规则等等) 而它们却被多层次地相互隐含关联定义在一系列电子文本文件中，因此它们难以被设计人员、工程师和计量人员所理解、记忆并最终正确地综合应用。为了彻底解决GPS在我国的推广与应用障碍，本项目针对GPS标准体系的统一整体知识建模和计算机智能化综合应用进行了深入研究，其主要研究成果包括：1）在全面、系统地分析新一代GPS的基本理论与体系结构的基础上，本项目设计出了基于严谨数学基础的GPS统一知识建模模型―范畴纤维化模型及与之配套的知识模型操作与验证机制，它支持对GPS标准体系中所有数据、信息和知识类型的统一获取、多层次可视化表达, 操作和一致化集成。其中，一致化集成解决了利用统一的数学基础一致化表达并封装任意一个GPS几何特征的完整标准链中不同链连接所含的相应知识，而覆盖这些链连接也就实现了将一个完整GPS产品生命周期的所有阶段都完整集成入了一个统一的软件平台中。2）构建了基于伴随函子的内/外建模模式和与之匹配的动态态射映射构造，并基于此构造研发了新型的面向对象的范畴纤维丛数据库系统，它通过在知识库和数据库之间使用一致的数学模型有效地解决了知识库和数据库之间的“阻抗失配”问题。3）通过外模型中集成的GPS知识和不确定度的量化，构建了本软件系统的知识库，将所有的GPS知识进行统一协调，进而消除GPS产品生命周期各阶段的知识断层，确保了各阶段生成与应用的GPS知识的完整性、一致性与有效性。4）面向完整产品生命周期，本项目研究了如何智能地以GPS标准为基础进行知识识别、推理与管理，将复杂的标准转化为智能的专家决策，建立了GPS集成知识库的知识推理机，实现了能够支持基于符号、语义、多维规则和用户案例的复合知识推理能力。5）基于以上研究成果，研发了一套基于Web的GPS应用专家系统―VirtualGPS，它可以为非GPS专家用户提供功能公差规范设计、公差规范实施和计量认证的一体化解决方案。