滑动摩擦类隔震支座的性能、模型和设计方法研究

The development and innovation of novel seismic isolator with stable performance and good isolation effect is key technology for the practice of seismic isolated design of bridges. Based on sliding friction isolation theory, the mechanical behavior, analytical model and design method of sliding friction isolation bearing family for bridge engineering are investigated systemically using combined theoretical analytical, numerical simulation with experimental research method. The main contents of this project are listed as follows: (1) a series of sliding friction isolation bearing are developed and friction mechanism and sliding operation will be explained. (2) the mechanical behavior, effect factor and their correlation for various sliding friction isolation bearings will be studied. (3) the analytical models of various sliding friction isolation bearings will be presented. (4) and the analytical and design method of sliding friction isolation bearing and isolated bridge with sliding friction isolations will be given. These bearing are completely passive devices, yet exhibit adaptive stiffness and adaptive damping. The stiffness and damping change to predictable values at calculable and controllable displacement amplitudes. The primary benefit of adaptive behavior is that a given isolation system can separately optimized for multiple performance objectives and multiple levels of ground motion, which is suit for performance-based seismic design of bridges. The sliding friction isolation technology will be enrich and improve in the practice of seismic isolation design of bridges.

开发出性能稳定、隔震效果良好的新型隔震支座是桥梁隔震技术的关键问题之一，本项目基于滑动摩擦隔震原理，采用理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究相结合方法，面向桥梁工程的滑动摩擦类隔震支座的力学性能、分析模型及其设计方法等开展系统地研究。主要研究内容有（1）开发系列滑动摩擦类隔震支座，并揭示其滑动摩擦机理和运动机制；（2）研究滑动摩擦类隔震支座力学性能及其与各种影响因素的相关性；（3）提出滑动摩擦类隔震支座分析模型；（4）建立滑动摩擦类隔震支座以及采用该类支座隔震桥梁的分析和设计方法。多滑动摩擦面隔震支座，虽然完全为被动隔震装置，但在不同的外部激励下具有刚度和阻尼的可变性。这种刚度和阻尼可变的自适性能，可满足多性能目标和多水准地震动下基于性能的隔震桥梁抗震设计。本项目研究，有助于滑动摩擦类隔震支座应用于桥梁抗震实践提供理论基础和技术支撑，丰富和完善减桥梁隔震技术体系，具有重大工程价值和学术意义。

滑动摩擦隔震支座具有良好的耗能能力、较大水平位移和耐久性能，为桥梁减隔震设计提供了一种新方法。本项目基于滑动摩擦隔震原理，采用理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究相结合方法，面向桥梁工程的滑动摩擦类隔震支座的力学性能、分析模型及其设计方法等开展系统地研究。主要研究内容有（1）针对滑动摩擦类支座，本项目研究了多球面滑动摩擦隔震支座，抗拉拔桥梁摩擦隔震支座，耗能限位变曲率摩擦隔震支座的力学性能，并通过有限元模拟和试验验证支座力-位移关系。（2）针对采用单球面摩擦摆支座（FPS）、多球面滑动摩擦支座（TFPS）的隔震桥梁模型开展了双向振动台试验研究。通过观察和量测模型桥梁位移、加速度等反应，得出采用两种滑动摩擦支座在双向地震动下隔震桥梁反应特性和隔震效果。在OpenSees中建立有限元模型，研究滑动摩擦隔震支座的控制参数（如摩擦系数及半径）对桥梁地震响应的影响。（3）研究了基础隔震斜拉桥横桥向的简化设计方法，提出了基于隔震度和基于位移的设计方法。