基于ESEF模型的传统农业系统生态足迹测算

Since its introduction, the Ecological Footprint has been applied in various studies and analyses across geographical regions, spatial scales and time series. However, the Ecological Footprint fails to evaluate the impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems in an all-round way that it was originally conceived to do. A new footprint-based method was therefore put forward, which is Ecosystem-Service-based Ecological Footprint (ESEF). The ESEF method is based on the capacity of ecosystems to provide a multiple of ecosystem goods and services, and its extended models can be applied jointly to respond to the comprehensive question of sustainability, thereby providing an effective approach to measure the influence that human has imposed on ecosystems in an all-round way. This study built the Agricultural Ecological Footprint (AEF) models based on the ESEF method to measure the influence of agricultural production on cropland in terms of biological production, forest in terms of carbon sequestration and inland water in terms of surplus nutrient removal. The AEF models were then used to calculate the footprint of the traditional agricultural system and to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the traditional agricultural system. This study is also expected to further improve and enhance the ESEF method.

生态足迹自提出以来得到了世界各国学者的广泛关注。然而，核算内容的不完整导致其无法全面衡量人类活动对生态系统造成的各种影响。基于生态系统服务的生态足迹（ESEF）以生态系统提供多种生态系统服务的能力为基础，其拓展模型的联合使用可以回答综合的可持续发展问题，从而为全面衡量人类活动对生态系统造成的各种影响提供了技术实现途径。本项目从农业生产活动入手，综合考虑其对耕地生物生产性服务的消费、对森林二氧化碳固定服务的消费、对水域多余养分去除服务的消费等，构建基于ESEF的农业生态足迹（AEF）模型，并对传统农业系统的生态足迹进行综合测算，从而探索农业生产的环境可持续性综合评价方法，也以期进一步丰富与完善ESEF方法与模型。

项目以传统农业系统的典型代表——全球/中国重要农业文化遗产为研究对象，构建了基于DPSIR的农业文化遗产保护研究框架，制定了农业文化遗产监测评估技术体系，并对中国第一个全球重要农业文化遗产——青田稻鱼共生系统进行了保护与发展成效评估；将DPSIR理论框架应用于农业文化遗产环境可持续性评估中，不仅考虑农业文化遗产环境可持续性的多个方面，而且考虑遗产地所采取的相应保护与管理措施，不仅考虑气候变化、现代化等外部驱动力的影响，而且考虑农户行为等内部驱动力的影响；构建基于ESEF的传统农业系统足迹模型，根据农业生产活动对生态系统服务的利用特征，拓展出农产品足迹、水资源足迹、碳固定足迹和养分去除足迹；利用基于ESEF的足迹模型，着重从碳排放的角度对青田稻鱼共生系统环境可持续性进行评估，揭示了不同种植模式、不同时期、不同经营规模和不同经营模式下青田稻鱼共生系统环境可持续性差异，并形成气候变化和现代化背景下农业文化遗产保护与发展的对策建议。研究不仅进一步丰富与完善了生态足迹理论及农业文化遗产监测评估理论，而且为农业文化遗产保护与可持续管理提供了理论指导与技术支持。