高铁列车无线供电方法中的几个关键基础问题研究

Reliable power supply is the prerequisite for safe operation of high-speed rail train. The existing supply mode directly relyed on the sliding interaction between pantograph and overhead transmission lines which has brought power failure due to friction abrasion, vibrating offline, arcing and ice coating under inclement weather. With the speed up of high-speed rail trains, sliding contact of power transmission has seriously hampered the development of high-speed rail. The project proposed a wireless power transmission based power supply for high-speed rail in which power is delivered by electromegnetic coupling between transmission end and receiving end without any direct contact. Wireless power transmission can effectively solve the many shortcomings mentioned above by sliding contact between pantograph and catenery while bringing attractive prospect. Researches both domestic and abroad have carried out study mainly on small capacity, symmetrical and position static models. However, there is no report regarding the achievement in the study of high power wireless power supply under high-speed motion state. The project focuses on the following research based on the basic problems of wireless power supply for high-speed rail which include design optimization considering frequency, distance and efficiency factors for coil architecture at both transmission end and receiving end, multi-physics models establishment of wireless power transmission system under high-speed motion state, analyzing the force and loss characteristics of objects when cutting magnetic field at high speed, design and optimization of electromagnetic shielding structure which will ensure safer electromegnetic environment for passengers. The achievements of the project would be milestones in the application of electromagnetism.

可靠供电是高速铁路安全运行的保障，目前供电方式均为受电弓和接触网导线的直接滑动接触。其不足为存在弓网间的摩擦磨损、振动离线、打弧以及覆冰等恶劣天气造成的断电问题。随着高铁列车不断提速，滑动接触供电的缺点将严重制约其发展。本项目提出采用无线供电技术为高速列车供电，供、受电端依靠电磁耦合传递电能，没有任何直接接触，能有效克服弓网滑动接触供电的以上诸多缺点，具有十分诱人的应用前景。到目前为止，国内外学者围绕中小功率和静止工况的无线电能传输做了许多研究，但尚未有对受电体在高速运动状态下进行大功率无线供电研究成果的报导。本项目针对高铁列车无线供电的基础问题，着重进行以下研究：对供、受电体线圈的结构进行设计优选，并考虑频率、距离和效率因素；建立高速运动无线电能传输系统的多场耦合模型，分析受电体高速切割磁力线时的受力与系统损耗；设计并优化电磁屏蔽结构，保障乘客有安全的电磁环境。该项目成果有里程碑意义。

本课题对提出的高铁列车无线供电技术进行了研究。通过互感理论导出了高铁列车无线供电能量稳定、持续、高效交换的条件，建立了磁屏蔽系统的边界条件，论证了磁屏蔽对传能磁场的约束能力，并在此基础上，分析了无线供电系统的磁屏蔽特性，得到了系统磁屏蔽的优化方案。利用互感原理分析了高铁动态无线供电原理及系统传输特性，设计了不同动态耦合线圈结构并进行了分析论证；利用场路耦合方法建立了高铁动态无线供电模型，定性分析了系统动态供电性能，并针对负载供电波动情况对耦合结构进行了优化。提出了一种高铁列车的非对称无线供电结构，可实现高功率、稳定的供电，同时设计了良好的电磁屏蔽功能。搭建同轴旋转无线供电模拟系统，对所提出的理论及方法进行了验证，同时设计ARM+FPGA架构信号采集系统对供电参数进行实时监测和功率补偿调控。针对动态无线供电过程中的电磁力作用问题，基于洛伦兹力原理和麦克斯韦张量理论对其进行了定性分析，并搭建测力系统进行了测量验证。综合上述结果，本课题研究对解决高铁列车无线供电关键问题提供了理论基础和方法依据。资助项目发表论文23篇，其中SCI收录6篇，EI收录17篇，申请国家发明专利6项，培养研究生6名。