综放沿空煤巷顶板不对称破坏机制与锚索桁架控制

The large-scale fully-mechanized caving mining with high productivity and efficiency is the important development direction of thick coal seam mining in China. However, that may cause the asymmetric roof failure in plumb and horizontal direction and the severe roof caving and support damage in a gob-side entry, and those roof and support behaviors have a very bad influence on the safety and transportation of gob-side entry and lead to huge resource loss of gob-side coal pillar. Based on the asymmetric difference of the disturbance degree of mining behaviors and the property and structure of surrounding rocks, the asymmetric strata behaviors of the coal-rock roof and support mass are studied, which correlations with influence factors are researched, and as a result, the importance rank of different factors and key factors are obtained. The instability principle and criterion of coal-rock roof mass are researched, and deviatoric stress field evolution law of coal-rock roof mass is studied, the asymmetric roof failure mechanism and control direction are clarified. The new cable truss structure which can effectively control the asymmetric roof deformation failure and bilaterally provide constant resistance is designed, and its function principle to control the mining pressure is revealed. The asymmetric regulation relationships and index system about the roof and cable truss are studied, so the control system of new cable truss support to the gob-side entry roof with fully-mechanized caving mining is set up. The research results include asymmetric strata behavior law, deformation and failure mechanism, new cable truss and regulation system of the gob-side entry roof with fully-mechanized caving mining, which will provide key theoretical and technical support for the scientific roof control of in coal seam roadway and continuously promote the science and technology progress in mining industry.

大型综放高产高效开采是我国厚煤层开采的重要发展方向，但会诱发沿空煤巷顶板铅垂方向和水平方向不对称破坏乃至严重冒顶和支护体损毁，进而导致煤巷不能安全畅通和巷旁煤柱资源大量损失。本项目基于综放沿空煤巷围岩性质结构和受采动影响程度的不对称差异性，探索顶板煤岩和支护体不对称矿压显现及其与各影响因素之间的关联性，得出各因素的重要性排序及关键因素；深究顶板煤岩体的失稳准则和判据及偏应力场时空演化规律，阐明顶板不对称破坏机制和控制方向；设计有效控制顶板不对称变形破坏且具有双向恒阻功能的新型锚索桁架结构，揭示其矿压控制作用原理；探究顶板与锚索桁架之间的不对称调控关系和指标体系，形成综放沿空煤巷顶板的新型锚索桁架控制系统。本项目研究成果集综放沿空煤巷顶板不对称的矿压显现规律、变形破坏机制、新型锚索桁架和调控系统于一体，为煤巷顶板科学化控制提供关键理论和技术支撑，并且持续推动煤炭产业科技进步。

综放沿空煤巷顶板铅垂方向和水平方向不对称破坏乃至冒顶严重制约大型综放开采实现高产高效及提高安全性和资源回采率。基于此，本项目开展了综放沿空煤巷顶板不对称破坏机制与锚索桁架控制研究，重点探索综放沿空煤巷顶板煤岩体不对称矿山压力显现的主控因素、不对称变形破坏机制、新型锚索桁架及顶板—支护体关系与科学控制的一整套内容，取得了如下创新性研究成果：.（1）阐明了综放沿空煤巷顶板煤岩体不对称矿压显现特征；研究了综放沿空煤巷顶板矿压显现的形式和机理；分析了综放沿空煤巷顶板离层错动的影响因素并进行了重要性排序。.（2）建立了综放沿空煤巷顶板结构的不对称梁力学模型，获得了顶板破坏失稳判据；分析了综放沿空煤巷顶板不对称破坏规律及影响因素，并指明了顶板不对称破坏的控制方向。.（3）设计了具有水平双向恒阻功能的新型锚索桁架；分析了双向恒阻新型锚索桁架结构的性能指标和作用原理；阐述了双向恒阻新型锚索桁架结构的支护特点和安装工艺。.（4）建立了锚索桁架不对称支护梁结构力学模型，阐明了综放沿空煤巷顶板—不对称调控系统的耦合机制；构建了大断面强采动煤巷顶板煤岩体锚索桁架控制指标体系，实现了综放沿空煤巷顶板新型锚索桁架的科学化控制。.项目取得的指标性成果有：获省部级奖励2项；发表论文28篇，其中SCI、EI已收录16篇；出版专著1部；授权发明专利3项；培养毕业博士7人，硕士16人。.项目研究在综放沿空煤巷顶板煤岩体不对称破坏机制和科学化控制方面已取得突出进展，为新的综放开采生产技术条件下保障沿空煤巷安全畅通提供了关键理论和技术支撑。