秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力的调控机制及应用模式

Heilongiang province is located at the cold black soil region with obvious regional characteristics in clamite,soil type,grain production,amount of crop straw and farming systems etc.,and with large area of sloping farmland and uneven temporal distribution of rainfall.A serious seasonal drought and soil and water loss often occure due to the intensive rainy period and activities of human being, which limited the black soil sustainable utilization and grain production. under the background that people all of the world pay great attension to Carbon emission,from the views of the Carbon emission reducing and resources sustainable utilization of soil and water,take the sloping farmland in cold black soil region of Heilongjiang province as the study area,and the crop straw biochar as the study object,under the combinations of indoor and outdoor tests,runoff plots and field plots tests,experiment study and computer simulation, based on the analysis of the effects of biochar with different amount and years of supply on soil physicochemical properties and soil water dynamic parameters,soil water movement and solute transport models establishing and the models simulation,explore the regulation mechanism of biochar to productivity of sloping farmland in black soil region；the effects of water saving and yield increasing, and soil and water conservation of the biochar with different amount and years of supply would be also studied,and then the optimum biochar supply models with the effects of water saving, yield increasing, and soil and water conservation for maize and soybean in sloping farmland of cold black soil ragion would be proposed based on the multi-index comprehensive evaluation.

地处高寒黑土区的黑龙江省在气候条件、土壤类型、粮食产能贡献及地位、农作物秸秆资源量、耕作制度等方面均具有明显的区域特色，其坡耕地占有较大比重，降雨时空分布不均，雨期集中和人类活动因素的影响，导致严重的季节性干旱和水土流失并存，是制约粮食可持续生产、黑土可持续利用的瓶颈问题。在全球高度关注碳排放的大背景下，从碳减排、水土资源可持续高效利用等理念出发，以黑龙江省黑土区坡耕地为研究区域，以秸秆生物炭为研究对象，采取室内外试验、径流小区与田间小区试验、试验研究与计算机模拟研究相结合的方法，通过对不同的生物炭用量和施用年限对坡耕地土壤理化性质、土壤水动力学参数的影响研究和土壤水分运动与溶质运移模型的构建及其模拟，探索秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力的调控机制；研究不同生物炭用量和施用年限的玉米、大豆的节水增产和水土保持效应，通过多指标综合评价，提出黑土区坡耕地节水增产和水土保持的生物炭应用模式。

位于东北黑土区的黑龙江省在气候条件、土壤类型、粮食产能贡献及地位、农作物秸秆资源量等方面均具有明显的区域特色，其坡耕地占有较大比重，降雨时空分布不均，雨期集中和人类活动因素的影响，导致严重的季节性干旱和水土流失并存，是制约粮食可持续生产、黑土可持续利用的瓶颈问题。为此，在全球高度关注碳排放的大背景下，从碳减排、水土资源可持续高效利用等理念出发，以黑龙江省黑土区坡耕地为研究区域，以秸秆生物炭为研究对象，采取室内外试验、径流小区与田间小区试验、试验研究与计算机模拟研究相结合的方法，进行了连续施加生物炭条件下的试验研究。阐明了不同的生物炭用量和施用年限对坡耕地土壤理化性质、土壤水动力学参数的影响；构建了土壤水分运动与溶质运移模型，并进行了相应的数值模拟；明晰了不同的生物炭用量和施用年限对黑土区主要粮食作物大豆和玉米的节水增产和坡耕地水土保持效应；揭示了秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力的调控机制；以反映土壤改良、节水增产、水土保持、投入产出等方面的指标对生物炭应用模式进行了综合评价，提出了适合于黑土区坡耕地的生物炭应用模式。本研究在黑土区农业水土资源高效利用与保护，以及黑土区丰富的秸秆资源的绿色、循环、高效利用等方面具有重要意义。