水稻不落粒突变体shat3的图位克隆和等位变异研究

Rice seed shattering is a trait closely related to yield and easy shattering often causes grain loss. Reduced shattering is a key event in the domestication of rice. There is a wide range in the degree of seed shattering among worldwide rice cultivars, suggesting that the shattering habit is a polygenic and complex trait. Now, there are only four genes related to seed shattering have been cloned in rice, and three of them reported to have few of functional variants. There might be some new genes have not been found, and their function or their alleles’ function might account for the diversity of rice shattering. In this project we plan to use a non-shattering mutant (seed shattering abortion 3, shat3) as a researching material, through map-based cloning and genetic transformation to identify a new shattering gene. Meanwhile, by association analyzing the SHAT3 genomic sequence and shattering phenotype in 150 landraces, we attend to find the useful alleles, which may serve as useful genetics resources in the rice breeding.

水稻的落粒性与产量密切相关，容易落粒导致水稻产量减少。降低水稻落粒性是水稻人工驯化的一项重要内容。现代栽培稻种子的落粒性之间有不同程度的差别，这说明落粒是一项多基因控制的复杂性状。目前在水稻中仅有4个与落粒相关的基因得到克隆，其中3个被报道在栽培稻中存在很少的功能性等位变异。由此我们推测水稻中应该还有其他尚未发掘的基因，它们的功能或者它们等位变异基因的功能或许能解释栽培稻落粒性之间的差异。本课题拟以一个不落粒突变体shat3为研究对象，通过图位克隆和互补转化，获得落粒调控的新基因。同时，检测该基因在150份水稻自然群体中的DNA序列，并与这些品种的落粒性做关联分析，试图找到有用的等位变异，为将来在水稻遗传育种上对种子落粒性的改造提供理论依据。