超高速滑行艇气动阻力特性及气动附件减阻机理研究

The ultra-high speed planning craft, whose navigation speed is greater than 50 knots, is a kind of newly developed high performance vessels. A study shows that the aerodynamic drag of the ultra-high speed planning craft could be as much as 20% of the total resistance, which suggests that the aerodynamics of the craft and its influence should not be neglected. In present work basing on a proposed ultra-high speed planning craft,aerodynamic accessories are designed for the purpose of controlling the air flow surrounding the craft and optimizing the aerodynamic drag. An efficiency and high precise numerical method is presented to simulate the ultra-high speed craft with aerodynamic accessories advancing in still water, and the numerical results are testified by making aerodynamic model tests. Then aerodynamic accessories are optimized by using the presented numerical method. Relationships between variations of single or coupled key parameters are detected, which will provide theoretical guidance for the design of aerodynamic accessories and aerodynamic drag optimization for ultra-high speed planning crafts.

航速大于50节的超高速滑行艇是近年来蓬勃发展的一种新型高性能船型。研究表明航速达到80节时，超高速滑行艇的空气阻力可占到总阻力的20%左右，因而超高速滑行艇的空气动力学特性及其对滑行艇运动的影响也是不容忽视的。本课题拟针对所研发的超高速滑行艇船型，探讨在滑行艇上安装气动附件以对流经滑行艇表面的气体进行流动控制、优化艇体气动阻力的方案，研究带气动附件的滑行艇在静水面高速航行时气动力的高精度数值模拟方法并对相应模型进行气动试验验证，形成气动阻力优化分析方法，基于该方法优化设计气动附件并获得关键设计参数对气动阻力的影响规律，以及不同设计参数耦合作用时滑行艇气动阻力的变化规律，为超高速滑行艇气动附件设计及气动阻力的优化提供理论指导。

航速超过45节的超高速三体滑行艇是近年来蓬勃发展的一种高性能滑行艇，在高航速下艇体所受到的气动载荷十分显著，对艇体的运动性能有重要的影响。为此，本项目对超高速三体滑行艇的气动力特性进行了研究，并设计了可安装在艇体尾部的附体用于减小空气阻力。.项目具体开展了以下研究工作。首先，对超高速滑行艇的气动阻力及其减阻方案进行研究，研究建立了适用于超高速滑行艇气动阻力仿真的数值模型，再提出了多种减阻附体方案，通过数值模拟进行一一验证，从中挑选出有减阻效果的方案。其次，针对选优后的减阻附体方案开展风洞试验，验证减阻附体方案的减阻效果，同时也验证数值模型的计算精度。最后，研究减阻附体的优化设计技术，并使用该技术对减阻附体进行优化设计，得到最优的附体设计方案。.项目的研究结果表明，当航速超过60节时，超高速滑行艇的气动阻力占总阻力的35%以上；加装了所设计的减阻附体后，气动阻力可减小34%左右。通过本项目的研究，深入了解了超高速三体滑行艇气动力特性，掌握了气动减阻附体的设计方法并获得了附体的设计方案，实现了项目所预期的研究目标。