基于BIM的明清古建筑数字化保护与修复方法研究

Ancient buildings are immovable cultural relics, nearly 300000 registered all the country.However,a considerable number of them are disappeared for all sorts of reasons..Existing ancient buildings are extremely valuable, non-renewable cultural heritage. So, research on how to protect and repair them with modern information technology is urgently needed..According to three methods of obtaining ancient buildings information, manual measurement, laser scanning and 2D image,on the basis of deeply studying key technologies of 3D model reconstruction with engineering-structure 3D model, point cloud data 3D model and 2D image, this research proposes the framework of "digital protection and restoration techniques of ancient buildings "..1. Formulate technology standard of ancient Chinese buildings parameterized information model(ACBIM).2. Carry out research on digital restoration technology for ancient buildings at different way, multiple resolution and various data formats..3. Build "Information system on ancient buildings protection based on BIM technology".This project relies on Xi'an University of architecture and technology characterized by civil engineering and architecture. In the school,there are plenty of documentation about ancient buildings in library and reference room, related experts and structure and seismic provincial key laboratory in school of civil engineering.These can give support to this project.What's more, there are a large number of ancient buildings needed to be protected in Shaanxi Province rich in cultural relics. All of these give this project a good study conditions.

古建筑属于不可移动文物，已登记的近30万处古建筑，有相当数量的古建筑正因各种各样的原因消失。现存的古建筑是极其宝贵、不可再生的文化遗产，急需利用现代信息技术对现存古建筑进行保护和修复方法的探索研究。本研究针对获取古建筑资料的人工测量、激光扫描和二维影像三大方式，在深入研究工程结构3D模型、点云数据3D模型和二维影像形成3D模型重建的关键技术的基础上，提出"古建筑数字化保护与修复技术"框架；制定中国古建筑参数化信息模型(ACBIM)技术标准,开展多源、多分辨率、多种数据格式的古建筑数字化修复技术的方法研究；建设 "基于BIM技术的古建筑保护信息系统"。项目依托以土木、建筑为特色的西安建筑科技大学，不仅有学校图书馆、资料室丰富的古建资料和古建方面研究的相关专家，土木工程学院结构与抗震省部级重点实验室做支撑，而且陕西作为文物大省，有大量古建筑亟待保护，为项目的顺利实施提供了良好的研究条件。

项目研究按计划有序进行，并取得了预期的研究成果。项目组成员从2012年7月开始，分别对北京、山西、陕西等地的明清古建筑（群）进行了调研，测绘并采集了相关古建筑的工程数据和点云数据；在对典型明清古建筑结构研究的基础上，进行了基于BIM的古建筑构件信息的标准化及量化提取研究，建立了中国古建筑信息模型标准（ACBIMS）技术框架；对明清古建筑构件参数化方法和构件特征分类编码方法进行了研究；建立了明清古建筑参数化构件库；在此基础上建立了古建筑保护信息平台，实现了古建信息管理、构件库、组装和虚拟展示的一体化协同平台；赴美国IUB及芬兰Aalto大学开展国际交流2次，参加国际会议3次，发表高水平论文25篇，获得发明专利一项，软件著作权11项，主编规划教材1部，培养研究生10名，较好地完成了项目研究计划，为我国明清古建筑保护中，空间信息技术的研究提供技术支撑和应用示范。