基于石墨烯电极的高效稳定钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池制备及性能研究

In order to solve problems, such as current mismatch between the top and bottom cells, and poor stability of top perovskite cells in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, base on the high transmittance, high stability and excellent anti-permeability of graphene, the project plan to solve problems of current mismatch and poor stability of top perovskite cells in perovskite/silicon tandem devices, and design the highly stable and efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with graphene electrodes, and develop a new technique for assembly of graphene electrodes in tandem solar cells, and investigate the influence of graphene electrodes on the photoelectric field distribution of tandem devices and the stability of top perovskite cells, and explore an effective way to enhance the light absorption of tandem solar cells, and systematically explain the influence of the interface contact and energy band matching on charge separation, collection, transmission and recombination of the tandem solar cells, and reveal the ageing mechanism of perovskite/silicon tandem cells under illumination, heating and work condition, and explain the influence of water, oxygen, temperature and other environmental factors on the stability of perovskite materials. Finally, an efficient and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with graphene electrode will be obtained. This proposal will provide theoretical and experimental basis for application graphene electrodes, and pave the way for the development of highly stable and efficient photovoltaic devices with graphene electrodes.

为解决钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池顶底电池光电流不匹配以及顶层钙钛矿电池稳定性差问题。本项目提出基于石墨烯可见及红外光区高的透过率，解决叠层电池光电流不匹配问题，基于石墨烯高稳定性和卓越抗渗透性解决顶层钙钛矿电池稳定性差问题的新思路。设计石墨烯电极的钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池；发展石墨烯电极在叠层器件中的组装新技术；研究石墨烯对叠层器件中光电场分布、顶层钙钛矿器件稳定性的影响规律；探索增强光吸收的有效途径；系统阐明界面接触、能带匹配等因素对叠层器件电荷分离、传输、收集及复合等过程的影响规律；明确石墨烯电极叠层器件在光、热及负载工作下的老化机理以及水、氧、温度等环境因素对钙钛矿材料稳定性影响机制。最终获得具有石墨烯电极的高效稳定钙钛矿/晶硅叠层电池。本项目将为石墨烯电极的应用提供重要的理论指导和技术支持，为开发基于石墨烯电极的高效稳定光伏器件提供强有力的技术保障。

钙钛矿是一种具有成本低、易成膜、吸光好、载流子迁移率高等特点的半导体材料。钙钛矿太阳电池效率也已从2009年的3.8%跃升至目前的25.5%，正在逐渐接近单晶硅电池的效率（26.7%）。制备高质量的钙钛矿薄膜是获得高效和稳定钙钛矿电池的关键。本项目以单节无机和有机无机杂化钙钛矿为研究对象，研究了不同制备工艺，前驱体，电荷传输层以及环境因素对薄膜质量、器件效率及稳定性的影响规律。阐明了中间体对器件薄膜质量和相稳定性的影响规律，提出了两个新型的无机钙钛矿前驱体。项目通过前驱体工程、表面钝化工艺，电荷传输层改性等方法获得了高质量的无机和有机无机杂化钙钛矿薄膜。在空气或氮气环境下制备了高效无机和有机无机杂化钙钛矿电池。其中基于CsPbI2Br的无机钙钛矿电池获得了16.79%的效率，为当时该钙钛矿电池的最高效率。利用前驱体工程在空气中制备了CsPbI2Br电池，其效率超过16%，并实现了高湿度下（>90%）无机钙钛矿电池的首次制备。基于MAFAPbI3有机无机杂化钙钛矿电池的效率超过23%，通过材料体相钝化或表面钝化实现了MAFAPbI3电池稳定性的大幅度提高。本项目的完成为制备高质量无机和有机无机杂化钙钛矿薄膜提供了重要借鉴，项目提出的氟化物钝化技术和机理，对于钙钛矿薄膜及器件的稳定性提升具有重要意义。