Fe基非晶金属微丝增强复合材料的力学和电磁性能研究

This project is based on the background of development and application for functional characteristics of composites, and we attempt to conduct exploratory research mainly focused on the issues of mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites and electromagnetic performances of resin matrix composites reinforced by micro-scale amorphous metallic microwires. And we take the preparation of composites reinforced by Fe-based metallic microwires as the cut-in and breakthrough point, further to break through the vital techniques of vacuum hot pressing sintering for preparing fiber-reinforced functional composites, even open a novel technological approach based on the fiber-reinforced composites, selectively analyze the basic features including mechanical properties (tensile, bending and impacting), electromagnetic shielding and microwave absorbing performances. Meanwhile, we also explore the interface bonding behavior of two-type matrix and microwires, and illustrate the influence of fiber weave configuration method, overlay layers and wire spacing on mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites, and analyze their plastic deformation and fracture mechanism; even to reveal the influence of geometric parameters, filling volume ratio and modulation condition on the electromagnetic parameters (shielding efficiency and dielectric constant) of resin matrix composites, and strive to understand the physical essence of electromagnetic shielding and action mechanism of electromagnetism-oriented loss, further to realize structure design and optimization of two-type composites. Therefore, it can be concluded that all the related research work has an important significance, which also can provide effectively technical supports for their potentially functional applications in the fields of structural functional components or devices, electromagnetic shielding and microwave absorbing.

本项目以复合材料功能特性的开发与应用为基础背景，围绕微尺度非晶金属微丝增强功能复合材料的力学特性和电磁性能等问题展开探索性研究。以Fe基金属微丝增强复合材料为切入点，突破金属微丝增强功能复合材料的真空热压烧结制备的关键技术，开启一种获取微丝增强复合材料的新型技术途径，着重分析复合材料的力学特性(拉伸、弯曲和冲击)、电磁屏蔽和微波吸收等功能特性。同时，探寻复合材料基体与微丝的界面结合行为，阐明微丝的编布方式、叠加层数和丝材间距等对铝基复合材料力学特性的影响规律，分析其塑性变形和断裂机理；揭示微丝几何参数、填充比和调制处理状态等对树脂基复合材料电磁性能(屏蔽效能和介电常数)的影响规律，力求明晰其电磁屏蔽的物理本质和电磁损耗的作用机理，实现微丝增强复合材料的结构设计与优化。故上述工作的开展具有重要意义，为微丝增强复合材料应用于结构功能器件、电磁屏蔽、微波吸收等领域提供关键技术支撑。

本项目重点针对微尺度Fe基金属微丝进行成分设计、结构表征、力学特性和磁学性能分析，突破了金属微丝增强功能复合材料模压成型和分层固化制备的关键技术，开启了一种获取微丝增强复合材料的新型技术途径。同时，着重开展了金属微丝增强复合材料的电磁屏蔽和微波吸收等功能特性研究工作，探讨了金属微丝排布距离、排布层数、排布方式、化学成分和调制处理状态等因素对功能复合材料电磁性能的影响规律，揭示了电磁屏蔽本质及微波吸收机理，进而实现了金属微丝增强复合材料的结构设计与优化。.研究结果表明，微量元素Ni和Nb掺杂Fe基金属微丝均具有表面光滑平整、均匀连续特征，无明显宏微观缺陷，展现出优异的力学特性和良好的软磁特性，其断口上出现大量剪切带和形成脉络状花样。当Ni掺杂微丝质量占比40wt.%、厚度2mm时，其复合材料具有较优的吸波性能，存在两个有效吸收峰，有效吸收带宽EAB达1.81GHz。当f=8.36GHz时，最大反射损耗RL和电磁波吸收效率Aeff分别达-54.89dB、99.999%。同时，Ni掺杂微丝几何尺寸、掺杂量和调制处理状态均对复合材料吸波性能影响显著，表明电磁损耗发挥了重要作用。Nb掺杂微丝排布距离为0.1mm时，其复合材料的电磁屏蔽SE及反射损耗RL最大，其中K波段分别为-12.2dB、-6.5dB；R波段分别为-10.9dB、-5.5dB。同时，Nb掺杂微丝排布层数、排布方式均对树脂基复合材料电磁性能影响明显，电磁屏蔽和微波损耗起到主导作用。.总之，上述工作为微尺度Fe基金属微丝在结构功能器件、电磁屏蔽及微波吸收领域中功能一体化应用提供有效的理论依据和相关技术支撑，具有重要研究意义和应用价值。.本项目在研期间，项目组在Metals、Journal of Materials Research and Technology、Materials、Journal of Alloys and Compounds、Materials Today Communications等国内外期刊上发表学术论文18篇，其中第一作者和通讯作者13篇；授权国内外专利6项；多次参加学术会议并做邀请报告3次；获得科研奖励1项。