基于拓扑优化的非均质阻尼层约束阻尼结构设计理论研究

Laminated damping structures (also called constrained-layer damping structures) with at least one constraint layer and one damping layer have been extensively used in engineering applications to reduce structural vibration and noise. It is very important and eagerly needed to investigate the damping mechanism from both physical (material property) and geometrical (material distribution) aspects, and to develop design theories and methods for high efficiency constrained-layer damping structures. The main goal of this project is to develop systematical theories and general methods for designing constrained-layer damping structures incorporating with heterogeneous viscoelastic material damping layer. The detailed contents includes: (1) Develope a topology optimization design theory for the destribution of single or multiple viscoelastic materials, respectively, considering the influence of material destributions on the structural damping performance; (2) Establish an optimization design theory for the optimum spatial distribution of damping performance by investigating the effect of the material property distribution;(3) Investigate design theory and methodology for microstructures of materials with specific damping properties to satisfy the material property requirements of macro structures; (4) Develope an integrated design theory and methodology for both the property distribution of damping material and the corrsponding microstructures; (5) Design several typical constrained-layer damping structures which can fulfill specific damping requirements, i.e. wheel track with high-frequency vibration, and submarine engine cabin with low-frequency vibration.

由约束层和阻尼层构成的阻尼结构（约束阻尼结构）已经成为目前最为重要的结构减振降噪的手段。从物理（材料性质）和几何（材料分布）两个方面揭示约束阻尼结构阻尼性能的形成机理、研究建立具有高阻尼特性的约束阻尼结构的设计理论和方法成为重要的研究目标。本项研究旨在建立基于非均质粘弹性阻尼层约束阻尼结构设计的系统理论和一般方法。具体包括：（1）考虑阻尼材料的分布对结构阻尼性能的影响，研究建立阻尼材料的最优分布的拓扑优化理论和方法；（2）考虑材料性质随空间的分布对结构阻尼性能的影响，研究建立材料性质随位置的最优变化规律的设计理论；（3）研究建立特定性能阻尼复合材料微结构设计的理论和方法，设计阻尼材料微结构以满足宏观结构对材料性质的需求；（4）研究建立阻尼材料分布与材料微结构的协同设计理论和方法；（5）面向特定需求（如：高频段振动的火车轮轨、低频段振动的潜艇发动机舱）设计几种典型的约束阻尼结构构型。

本项目主要研究非均质粘弹性阻尼层约束阻尼结构设计的系统理论和一般方法。主要研究成果包括：构建了多孔材料宏微观拓扑描述新方法（MIST，Moving Iso-surface Threshold Method），基于此发展了材料结构一体化双尺度拓扑优化设计方法；构建了基于拓扑优化的粘弹性阻尼材料微结构构型设计的一般方法；提出了高刚度高阻尼多材料微结构构型设计方法；开展了声波在非均质多孔介质中的性能分析与优化设计工作。针对高速车轮，开展了含割缝的高频降噪约束阻尼车轮设计工作；针对潜艇覆盖层，开展了多层圆柱形空腔吸声（粘弹性阻尼材料）覆盖层性能优化设计，获得了性能优良的新构型设计。相关研究成果在国际国内杂志发表论文8篇（SCI检索5篇，JCR1区论文3篇），会议论文3篇，申请发明专利3项。