基于多维度大数据的辐射配电网故障检测与定位研究

The distribution system is under the complex electromagnetic circumstances and the number of T-connection points is a great quantity, so the fault location for a distribution system is much more difficult than a transmission line. The measured multi-dimension data and the valid image feature is used to analyze the transient harmonics on distribution system for distinguishing of faults and other transient disturbances. The classic topology of distribution system is extracted to study the traveling wave transmission rule. The possibility and stationing optimization of measurement point number increasing are studied to select fault section on distribution lines based on different measure station. The reason of difference of measured data and simulation data is probed to accomplish the models of load and line. The disconnections of surge impedance on connection of line and cable and so on are used to analyze the features of sequence of arrival time for traveling waves and accurate fault location is performed by robust regression. The proposed fault location system based on data-driven independent on precise system model will support the security and stability of distribution system.

针对配电网现场环境复杂，馈线分接点极多，准确故障定位难度较大的问题，拟从现场实测配电网多维度数据进行分析，探讨配电网系统中的冲击性谐波规律，研究不同时间尺度下各类故障与扰动状态的波形差异，探寻有效波形图像表达方式和恰当的特征提取手段，实现冲击性负荷、谐振和故障之间的区分，提炼典型的配电网拓扑结构，分析增加测点的可能性与最优方案，实现多测点信息聚合条件下的故障区段划分，在配电网系统精细建模的基础上探讨实测数据与仿真波形之间差异的产生原因，考虑高采样率下配电网高次谐波的产生原因，实现负荷、线路等模型的调整和修正，利用确定的线缆接头、分支点、线路首末端点等固定的波阻抗不连续点所决定的行波时序特征来缩短测距区间的方法。进而通过稳健回归算法实现故障精确定位，形成当前亟需的基于数据驱动的不依赖精确模型结构的配电网故障定位体系，为配电网的安全运行提供重要保障。

配电线路覆盖范围广，运行环境复杂，馈出线分支较多，故障频发，而单相接地故障稳态电流微弱，故障特征不明显，故障检测较为困难，亟需获取多测点多维度的数据，并快速检测和隔离故障，以提高配电系统的供电可靠性。本项目采用交叉重叠差分、形态学峰谷检测、形态谱算法，通过提取故障后短时窗内的暂态零序电流，通过增大健全线和故障线的差异，以甄别出故障线路；将故障定位问题转化为最小化l1范数的数学模型，通过求解数学模型及对节点故障注入电流向量进行重构，提出基于压缩感知的节点注入电流重构的故障定位方法，以实现对故障的准确定位；通过正、反向电压行波构造测距函数，提取行波突变点沿线分布特征，结合“测后模拟”甄别出有效突变点，提出基于故障行波沿线突变和模型匹配的定位方法；利用主干馈线上下游的暂态零序电流方向参数构建被动检出判据，结合消弧线圈补偿度变化前后零序电流相角差构建主动判据，完成放射型馈线故障段主-被动联合检出；根据故障馈线的零序伏安曲线面积直线拟合的斜率，结合故障过渡电阻的变化推断故障性质，预判是否投入消弧线圈或小电阻，利用中性点变化使零序电流相位及幅值变化进一步确定单相接地故障的性质，以提高配电网的故障自愈能力和单相接地保护的自适应性。.项目执行期间发表论文20篇，获授权专利8项，已申请公开专利13项。相关成果获得教育部高等学校科学研究成果一等奖1项和云南省技术发明特等奖1项。