高能物理实验离线软件中探测器建模新技术的研究

Detector description system is a key part in offline software of HEP experiments, and plays an important role in detector design, physics goal validation, simulation and data processing. We summarize our experience in developing the detector description system for HEP experiments in China and abroad, propose to develop a new general detector description system based on the development of computing and software frontier technology. The system will not only provide a uniform detector description solution for all related applications in the offline software like simulation, reconstruction, calibration, alignment and event display, but will also provide detector information for external applications like CAD design, computational fluid dynamics, computational structural mechanics, heat conduction calculation, magnetic field calculation, and visualization system. We will further study the MESH detector system and improve data processing efficiency with parallel computing technology. With the development of the new detector description system, an integrated and efficient detector data management system will be designed for the JUNO experiment. It will also provide key technologies on detector design and data processing for the next generation of large scientific facilities, such as CEPC and ADS.

探测器建模系统是高能物理离线软件开发中必不可少的部分，在探测器设计、物理目标论证与模拟、实验数据处理中都有重要应用。我们总结了近年来国内外各种大型高能物理实验软件中探测器建模系统的开发经验，结合目前计算科学和应用软件的前沿技术，提出开发一套新的通用探测器建模系统，不仅为离线软件中的模拟、重建、刻度、准直、事例显示等应用提供统一的探测器描述，也为离线软件之外的CAD设计、流体力学计算、结构力学计算、温度和磁场计算、可视化系统等提供一致的探测器信息。同时，进一步研究将探测器描述网格化，与并行计算技术相结合，以提高模拟和实验数据的处理效率。该新技术立足于为建设中的江门中微子实验JUNO提供一个完整而高效的探测器数据管理系统，也面向未来一系列大科学装置，能够为环形正负电子对撞机CEPC、加速器驱动次临界系统ADS上各种实验的探测器设计和数据处理提供关键技术。

基于探测器几何描述语言GDML，我们开发了一套统一的探测器建模系统，实现了高能物理实验离线软件中的模拟、重建、刻度、事例显示等应用的统一探测器描述，并实现了其与外部通用软件CAD、COMSOL、Unity之间的探测器几何信息交换。基于该技术我们为江门中微子实验JUNO提供了完整而高效的探测器几何数据管理系统，并已成功用于JUNO实验的模拟、重建和事例显示等应用中。另外基于网格化探测器建模方案，我们研究了温度场变化对球形液基探测器流体和光学性质产生的变化，及其对探测器模拟和重建的影响，证实了网格化探测器几何建模方案用于研究相关多物理场问题的可行性。在本项目的支持下，我们共发表期刊论文7篇，会议论文9篇，已培养毕业硕士2人、博士1人。