基于多线极化可重构单元的极化连续可调宽带宽角波束扫描共形阵列关键技术研究

This research aims to develop key technologies for designing the conformal phased antenna array with wideband multi-linear-polarization reconfigurable (MLPR) elements. The conventional conformal antenna array has the polarization superposition loss and high cross-polarization level problem since its elements with fixed polarization may face in different directions. This key problem can be overcome by introducing reconfigurable element polarization states as additional degrees of design freedom. In addition, with appropriate vectorized beam forming techniques, the MLPR phased conformal antenna array can radiate a wideband wide-angle scannable beam pattern with a continuously adjustable desired polarization and low cross-polarization level. The main research includes: a) developing the design methodology for wideband MLPR conformal elements, and grasping the general law of the effect of bending platform surfaces on the radiation pattern and circuit characteristics of antenna elements; b) figuring out some highly efficient methods to obtain active element patterns for MLPR conformal antenna arrays; c) designing fast algorithms for evaluating conformal antenna array patterns; d) developing some efficient optimization strategies to synthesize appropriate element polarization states, excitation amplitudes and phases for the purpose of obtaining the scannable beampattern with a continuously adjustable desired polarization and low cross-polarization level. At last, this research will design the beamforming network consisting of phase shifters, power dividers and attenuators, as well as the polarization-control network, and then fabricate MLPR conformal antenna array prototypes designed for some typical platforms. The capabilities and performance of the fabricated prototypes will be validated through experimental tests. The test results will help us to improve the theory and design methodologies proposed in this project. The proposed MLPR conformal phased antenna arrays can be widely used in both military and civil applications.

本项目研究基于宽带多线极化可重构单元的共形相控阵技术，通过引入单元极化状态选择这一新的自由度，解决传统共形阵列因固定极化单元的安装朝向不同而造成极化合成损失且高交叉极化电平这一关键难题，并结合开发适当的矢量波束综合算法，实现具有期望极化连续可调的宽带宽角扫描波束。主要研究包括：a）研究宽带多线极化可重构共形天线单元的设计方法，探索归纳曲率变化对多线极化可重构单元辐射特性及电路特性影响的规律；b) 研究极化可重构共形阵列有源单元方向图快速提取方法；c) 研究共形阵列方向图快速计算算法；d）研究单元极化状态和激励幅相综合的快速优化策略，在阵列级上合成实现低交叉极化且期望极化连续可调的扫描波束。最后，研制典型平台极化可重构共形相控阵样机，设计实现相应的单元极化和幅相控制网络，测试验证样机的功能和性能指标，在此基础上进一步完善相关理论及设计方法。项目研究成果在军用及民用领域均具有重要的应用价值。

本项目研究基于宽带多线极化可重构单元的共形相控阵技术，通过引入单元极化状态选择这一新的自由度，解决传统共形阵列因固定极化单元的安装朝向不同而造成极化合成损失且高交叉极化电平这一关键难题。本项目支持阶段，主要取得了以下成果:.1)完成了5款多线极化可重构单元/线圆极化可重构单元的研究设计，且均进行了加工测试，测试结果均符合预期；.2)研究了强耦合/弱耦合区域划分的准则，开发了有源单元方向图的高效近似提取方法;.3)以单元旋转作为一个新的自由度，开发了基于单元位置、旋转和相位的联合优化的方向图综合技术、基于圆极化天线旋转的阵列天线波束控制技术、单元旋转及相位的共形阵列方向图综合技术，在节省了大量射频组件的条件下实现波束赋形，并能对副瓣电平及交叉极化进行有效控制；.4)基于极化可重构天线，开发了适用于任意极化可重构共形阵列的矢量波束合成算法和单元天线极化选择方法。我们将该算法应用于直线阵列、球面共形阵列、锥体共形阵列等典型应用平台，实现了超宽带性能、大角度扫描，并实现任意线/圆极化波束的切换，同时可控制交叉极化电平；.5)加工了由FPGA控制的极化可重构天线、阵列天线幅相控制通道、基于单元旋转的柱面共形阵列样机、基于极化可重构单元的锥面阵列样机，并均进行了实际测试，测试结果与仿真结果较为符合。.本项目较好地完成了宽带多极化可重构天线设计、共形阵列矢量波束形成、阵列天线任意极化可编程算法及系统实现等关键技术的研究。所取得的相关技术成果在5G通信系统、室内定位系统、智能交通系统、共形相控阵雷达及电子对抗系统等方面具有重要应用。.项目实施过程中，以该基金为第一标注发表SCI期刊论文21篇，会议论文3篇，申请专利14件。项目组成员入选国家级青年人才计划1人，职称晋升3人；培养毕业的硕士研究生8人，博士生1人；培养在读的硕士研究生3人，博士生4人。