面向新型可见光动态多模式成像的稳像与匹配技术

With the meter level video satellite which record moving target information creating a new era of dynamic remote sensing, dynamic multi mode imaging model, such as non along the rail curve imaging, dynamic scanning imaging and inertial space stabilization imaging, with its special advantages gradually become the new development direction of remote sensing applications in military and civil field. This project meet the existing optical remote sensing satellite difficult to the requirements of the new multi mode dynamic imaging task for in china, investigates the smart multi mode imaging imaging optimal trajectory planning ang analysis of attitude orbit under the large angle rapid maneuver,multi-dimensional image motion synthesis, satellite velocity vector dynamic intelligent cooperative control and full compensation equivalent scaled ground dynamic link imaging simulation method, combining the target distribution characteristics and motion characteristics, satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics model, build conflict resolution function, the attitude and orbit analytical 3D imaging trajectory, achieve the optimal distribution of dynamic imaging target trajectory, pointing of the attitude angular velocity and ultra stable maneuver planning;comprehensive earth,target, aircraft, orbit and camera of all time-varying factors in dynamic imaging, establish the accurate estimation of attitude motion algorithm, multi-source and dynamic disturbance the mapping relation model, realizes precise matching speed and complex adaptive adjustment; based on PXI dynamic frequency server, type P4 LED earth dynamic target simulation system, high precision three axis air bearing control system and high resolution camera imaging system, a kind of theory and method of high precision, high fidelity simulation test scheme put forward in accordance with the principle of equivalent simulation shrinkage ratio. The research of this project is helpful to improve the high quality dynamic image stabilization technology of optical remote sensing satellite in china.

随着米级视频卫星开创动态遥感的新纪元后，新型的动态多模式成像，如非沿轨曲线成像和动态扫描成像等，正以其特殊的优势逐渐成为航天遥感的新发展方向。本项目针对新颖的多模式动态成像任务需求，探讨大角度快速机动下的灵动多模式成像最优成像轨迹规划与姿轨解析、多维度像移速度矢动态合成与星载智能协同控制补偿及全链路高保真等效缩比地面动态成像仿真方法。结合目标特性特性、卫星姿轨，建立三维成像轨迹模型、姿态冲突消解函数和姿轨解析模型，实现最优的动态成像目标分布轨迹、姿态精确指向和超稳定机动角速度规划；建立姿态运动准确估测算法、多源扰动与动态成像映射关系模型，实现复合速度的精确匹配与行频的自适应调整；按照等效缩比模拟仿真原则，提出一种对理论方法进行高精度、高保真度的通用仿真试验方案。本项目的研究有助于提升我国光学遥感卫星高品质动态成像稳像技术，为光学遥感卫星在军用、民用领域中的高效能应用提供技术储备。

新型可见光动态多模式成像，是天基光学遥感像领域的前沿课题；其中，动态成像的稳像和匹配技术是保证高分辨成像质量的关键技术，本项目进行成像目标最优轨迹规划和姿态精确指向解析，计算高精度像移速度矢和行频模型，设计动态控制补偿方案，反演与恢复退化影像，搭建高保真成像半物理仿真平台演示验证。.1、研究非沿轨曲线形分布的离散目标的最优拟合和新型动态多模式成像沿迹推扫任务规划。建立了融合目标分布迹线、卫星运行轨道和相机光轴精准指向一体的沿迹推扫姿态引导方程，完成TDI相机成像稳像与实时配准设计。特别的，利用JL-1灵巧验证星在轨获取目标分布迹线与星下点轨迹成曲线分布的密西西比河区域非沿轨曲线分布影像，成像效率提高4倍以上，大幅提升卫星成像效能。.2、研究了多种动态成像模式稳像与匹配方法。提出了一种利用卫星俯仰运动补偿增加积分时间提高系统信噪比的行频动态匹配方法，在不改变相机固有光学参数条件下，实现了欧比特高光谱成像信噪比由32dB有效提升至40dB。围绕环扫成像姿态路径和分布区域，建立快拍成像物像共轭瞬时空间像移速度场数学模型，解析信噪比、曝光时间、动态速度和像移量间关联，实现成像辨率和幅宽均衡取舍，满足成像要求。.3、研究动态成像控制补偿与影像退化反演恢复。基于动态成像运动特性，进行姿轨冲突消解，设计卫星和载荷协调控制补偿策略；进行静态影像与动态漂移间的像旋矢量分解再融合，获取动态参数间关联。为解决畸变和像质退化问题，提出分辨率反演与深度卷积网络相结合的几何校正与图像增强方法。结果表明，畸变校正后影像很大程度恢复原有几何特性，图像增强结果更佳。.通过上述研究，进一步发展利用载荷与平台及地物一体化规划设计和动态协同控制补偿的手段和方法进行新型天基动态光学成像稳像与匹配，为其在光学遥感领域的应用提供有价值的理论依据和参考。另一方面，动态光学成像稳像与匹配的灵活性和高精度使其比沿轨推扫成像系统在探测效能方面更具有优势。