荒漠区子午沙鼠（Meriones meridianus）野生种群不育控制及其可持续机制研究

The pest rodents on grasslands had become an important factor which caused grassland ecological environment deterioration and influenced the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia. The study on pest rodents controlled within pollution-free-environment, effective prevention and sustainable controlling has become one of the key researches for the biological disaster prevention and mitigation of the emphasis researches. However, it is still unsolved problem that how to achieve the pest rodents controlled on grasslands with security, environmental-protection and sustainability. Sterile controlling is one of the international rise new technologies for the pest rodents effective controlled. Comparing with the traditional chemical lethal baits, Sterile controlling might attain the purposes of safety, environmental-protection and sustainable pest rodents controlled primarily. .This subject will research the Mid-day gerbils (Meriones meridianus) wild population, which is the dominant species in Alashan Desert Grassland of Inner Mongolia, anti-fertility controlled and sustainable controlling mechanism by using different concentration gradient compound sterile baits levonorgestrel-quinestrol ( EP-1 ) and analysed the adapted-degree between gerbils population and plants communities. All of the gerbils distributed 3 treament areas and 1 control area will be marked and recaptured during 4 years field fixed-point population tracking from 2013 to 2016. And the 4 study areas will be proposed semi-closed. The study purpose is to reveal the effects of infertility and anti-fertility of the EP-1 to Mid-day gerbils wild population, realize sustainable control mechanism of the EP-1 to Mid-day gerbils wild population, explore new technology for controlling harmful rodents and provide scientific basis for safety, environmental-protection and sustainable pest rodents controlled on a large scale grasslands.

草原鼠害已成为我国北方草原生态环境恶化并影响畜牧业生产可持续发展的重要因素。鼠害无污染、无公害的有效防治和可持续控制研究是当前生物防灾减灾研究的重点之一。可是，如何安全、环保、可持续的控制草原鼠害，仍然是未解之题。不育控制是国际上兴起的有效控制害鼠数量的新技术之一，与传统的化学毒饵灭鼠相比，有可能达到安全、环保、可持续控制鼠害的目的。本研究拟采用不同浓度梯度的复合不育剂EP-1，通过4年野外定点封闭种群动态跟踪及其与植物群落适合度分析，对内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区优势害鼠- - 子午沙鼠（Meriones meridianus）野生种群不育控制及其可持续控制机制进行研究，目的在于揭示不同不育控制条件对子午沙鼠野生种群产生不育的效果及实现可持续控制的机制，探索新的有害啮齿动物野生种群不育控制技术，为大面积草原鼠害野外无污染、无公害有效控制和可持续控制提供科学依据。此项目研究的应用前景将十分广阔。

总体思路：自主合成植物源不育剂ND-1（农大-1号），主要成分为新疆紫草根的提取物紫草素和雌激素炔雌醚，对荒漠区优势害鼠—子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)进行抗生育研究。由于炔雌醚已经被证实对部分小型啮齿动物具有一定的抗生育作用，所以关键要解决紫草素是否具有明显的抗生育作用以及ND-1对子午沙鼠是否具有明显的抗生育作用。为明确紫草素的抗生育作用，以昆明小白鼠为对象进行预实验，分别以5 mg/kg、20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg浓度紫草素不同处理进行繁殖器官检测和繁殖实验。结果表明，50 mg/kg紫草素浓度实验组的雌性子宫脏器系数极显著低于对照组和其余2个浓度实验组（F=6.29, P<0.01）；雄性精囊腺脏器系数、精子密度均显著低于对照组（F=6.49, P<0.01；F=4.60, P<0.05），50mg/kg紫草素浓度显著降低了雌性处理组和雌、雄处理组的出生率，繁殖启动期均显著延迟，有效降低小白鼠整个繁殖期的繁殖率。因此，将紫草素与炔雌醚合成植物源复合不育剂ND-1，对3组子午沙鼠实验种群（对照组、雌性和雄性处理组）进行试验。表明，2015年度繁殖期内子午沙鼠第一次繁殖，雄性处理组的平均胎仔数显著降低（F=12.76，P＜0.01），抗生育率达到42.86%；第二次繁殖，雌性处理组和雄性处理组平均胎仔数均显著降低（F=11.71，P＜0.01），抗生育率分别达到57.14%和85.78%；2015年度内 2个处理组繁殖次数均显著低于对照组（F=11.87，P＜0.01）；雌性处理组繁殖启动期推迟15-22d，雄性处理组推迟32-157d。复合不育剂ND-1对两性均起到了不育作用。2016年度在整个繁殖期内，对照组繁殖5次，而雌性处理组繁殖3次，雄性处理组繁殖2次，雌性和雄性处理组全年繁殖幼体数量均比对照组显著降低（F=9.45，P＜0.01；F=15.97，P＜0.01）；2个处理组繁殖启动期较对照组平均延迟82±8.4d。复合不育剂ND-1对子午沙鼠两性的不育控制可以持续24个月。野外样地试验表明，2016年度3个不育剂样地子午沙鼠种群数量显著低于2015年度数量。此研究结果将可持续的降低荒漠草原小型啮齿动物的种群数量，能够在草地生态系统中达到有鼠无害的目标，并且保持草地生态系统生物多样性，明显降低草地畜牧业的损失。