仿生互穿互锁复合材料电池壳的抗冲击性能机理研究

To achieve the new requirements of impact protection for lithium-ion battery safety, this project proposes a novel battery casing with interlocked and interpenetrated multi-phase materials inspired by the strengthening and toughening mechanism of sea urchin spines, studying the mechanical properties, energy absorption and impact protection for batteries. The content mainly includes three sections: 1) The mechanical property, failure mode and energy absorption performance of the multi-phase interlocked and interpenetrated (MPII) structure are studied by the high-velocity ballistic impact test and drop tower impact test; 2) The influence of interfacial strength on the energy dissipation mechanism of MPII structures is investigated by numerical simulations to obtain the optimal interfacial strength parameter. In order to design MPII structures with optimal impact-resistance, a parametric study is conducted to analyze the effect of geometric morphology and structural forms; 3) Based on the MPII microstructures, a new battery casing is designed to act as the impact protection device for batteries. The dynamic response and energy absorption mechanism of the batteries with the new casing are studied by drop tower impact tests. The detailed model is established to understand the influence of the new casings on the failure mode and internal short circuit of batteries. This work is the first time to study the crashworthiness design of battery casings, which will contribute to applications of battery impact protection in the field of aerospace, navy vessel and army armored vehicles.

在电池冲击防护装置新需求牵引下，本项目受海胆刺结构强韧机理启发，提出了一种仿生多相材料互穿互锁电池壳结构，对其力学性能、吸能机制和电池冲击防护性能展开研究。主要致力于：1）基于高速子弹冲击实验和冲击后压缩实验研究仿生互穿互锁结构在不同冲击速度下的力学行为、失效模式及能量吸收特性；2）基于数值模拟方法研究界面强度对该结构耗能机制的影响规律，得出优化的界面强度参数，并针对几何形态和结构形式进行冲击吸能优化，设计具有最佳冲击防护能力的结构；3）以仿生多相材料互穿互锁结构设计的电池壳作为电池的冲击防护装置，基于落锤冲击实验研究其在冲击载荷作用下的动态响应和吸能特性，建立该电池结构在冲击载荷作用下的精细化模型，揭示该电池壳对电池失效机制和内部短路的影响规律。本项工作首次研究了电池壳的抗冲击性能设计，研究成果有助于推动该仿生电池壳结构在航空航天、海军舰艇及新能源汽车等领域的电池冲击防护应用。

在电池冲击防护装置新需求牵引下，本项目受生物结构强韧机理启发，提出了一种新型仿生冲击防护结构，对其力学性能、吸能机制和冲击防护性能展开研究。主要致力于：1）不同应变率下典型组成仿生材料的动态力学性能研究，得到了不同应变率下的动态本构关系；2）受雀尾螳螂虾前肢强大的抗冲击能量吸收微结构的启发，基于仿生原理提出了一种新型双曲波纹仿生结构。通过有限元数值模拟方法研究了双曲波纹结构在准静态载荷作用下的面外压缩力学行为以及其结构耐撞性；3）受甲虫外骨骼角质层刚度分布的启发，提出了一种新型仿生刚度梯度圆环阵列防护结构，此结构具有出色的抗冲击性能，超强的刚度可编程性和形状可重构性。本项工作研究成果有助于推动该仿生结构在航空航天、海军舰艇及陆军装甲战车等领域的电池冲击防护应用。