近海海洋水体剖面多要素实时观测技术研究

In order to expand the scope of marine observation aquifer, the project is using free telescopic technology to offshore waters section profiling observation for innovative research. The study includes two aspects: one is the four study modules of the whole observation technology to design reasonably, including the elevator module, date acquisition control module, underwater observation module and data reception processing module, to high level of technical discussion and optimize, to ensure to withstand test from the complex ocean environment load. The second is scientific technology integration on various modules, to form a free telescopic profiling observation system with fully function and optimize structure being suitable for the coastal water environment in our country. Focus is based on the marine environment load and posture to intelligent control its working condition, and eventually make a physical model for sea trial, to fill the blink of observation section water technology in China. The purpose of this study is to observe a wide range of environment parameters on a certain depth under the surface of the water body for a long period of time, continuous, fixed point, real-time and under unattended conditions. The free telescopic profiling observation technology is make full use of existing in the operation of the fixed anchor is the beneficial trial of observation system with the characteristics of novel design and high safety performance. And this study can increase the depth and content of Chinise offshore waters section observation to provide the abundant observation data in the offshore Marine science research.

为拓展我国近海海洋观测水体的垂向观测范围，研制利用自由伸缩式技术对近海海洋水体的剖面观测技术，开展多要素观测与开发研究，探索创新性技术手段。研究包括两方面内容：（1）剖面多要素实时观测技术研究，观测系统四个核心功能模块设计与研究，对升降模块、数据采集控制模块、水下观测模块和数据接收处理模块等4个模块进行复杂多变海洋环境载荷条件下的研究开发，优化设计；（2）剖面多要素实时观测技术集成，完成整套功能全、结构优的适用于我国近海水体环境的自由伸缩式海洋剖面观测系统，根据海洋环境载荷和工作姿态智能控制自身运行状态，研制出实物模型，并应用于海洋观测。该研究将实现在无人值守条件下对水面以下一定深度水体的多项环境参数的长期、连续、定点、实时观测。近海水体自由伸缩式剖面观测技术是充分利用已有定位监测和运行的大型观测系统，拓展我国近海水体剖面观测的深度，为我国海洋科学的研究提供全面、高精度数据支撑。

近海海洋水体剖面多要素实时观测技术研究得到顺利实施，成功研发了基于刚性剖面观测技术的自由伸缩式智能化剖面观测系统，并取得了良好的应用成果。项目研究周期为4年，在此期间，项目组满额完成研究目标，研发的系统样机和观测技术方法获取到了大量观测数据，发表论文6篇，申请专利6项，已获得授权专利4项，出版数据图集6册，软件著作权1项。该系统充分利用大型海洋综合观测浮标在位生存能力强的优势，在无人值守条件下，采用智能决策与自由伸缩式刚性结构体技术结合的方式进行海洋剖面观测，对浅层剖面水体的水温、电导率（盐度）、深度、浊度、叶绿素、溶解氧、pH等多参数要素进行长期、定点、连续、实时观测。该系统的一个显著特点是智能决策，浮标系统的智能决策功能采用了AI技术，根据浮标上配置的各类传感器获取的实时数据对海况进行判断，从而对伸缩装置的运行状态进行自动控制，实现自主智能控制对水面下一定深度水体的多项环境参数进行长期、连续、定点、实时观测。自由伸缩式智能化剖面观测浮标系统还进行了多项技术创新，包括采用北斗/GPS双模定位信标技术、太阳能-波浪能多源组合供电模式、多层通量风的观测功能等。该观测系统具有安全稳定、推广性强、可利用现有的浮标观测网络构建一个观测范围广阔的水体垂直剖面观测网络系统的优势，有效增加和拓展我国近海立体观测的深度和内容，为海洋基础和应用等学科研究的深入开展，取得突破性、创新性研究成果起到更加全面的系统支撑作用。