火区封闭进程多场耦合作用下热动力灾害事故致灾机制与防控方法

In the context of frequent thermal disasters during fire zone sealing, to meet the urgent needs of the fire safety sealing, this research mainly focus on the key problems of mechanism of gas mixture explosion and its controlling methods under the condition of multi physical field coupling. By using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, experimental measurement and physical simulation,, the gas-heat multi-physics model was established in this project. Based on the influence of fire pressure, thermal drag and sealing-resistance, the combustion kinetics characteristics of fire were analyzed. By analysis of the distribution of smoke and methane and the variation of fire location in the fire area, the variation of methane explosion limit and space-time evolution regularities in dangerous area of gas explode were investigated. Reveal the disaster-causing mechanism of thermal disasters in the process of fire sealing. Meanwhile, based on the disaster-causing mechanism, the high pressure portable inerting method were invented to achieve accurate explosion suppression during sealing. And also, the accurate explosion suppression technology decreases the possibility of gas explosion. The researches could improve the understanding to the disaster-causing mechanism of gas explosion in the sealing, aiming to prevent the thermal disaster, raise the anti-disasters, disaster preparedness and disaster relief emergency response capability of coal mine.

针对火区封闭进程中热动力灾害事故频发的现状，以满足火区安全封闭的迫切需求为目标，本项目重点解决火区封闭进程中多场耦合作用下瓦斯混合气体爆炸致灾机制和防控方法关键问题。采用理论分析，实验测试、模型实验和数值模拟相结合的方法，构建火区变边界多场耦合作用条件下火源燃烧动力学模型，重点研究火区烟气、瓦斯、高温火源运移规律，结合瓦斯烟气混合气体爆炸界限特性研究，得出封闭进程中瓦斯混合气体爆炸危险区域分布的时空演化规律，揭示火区封闭进程中热动力灾害事故致灾机制；提出基于移动式高压惰气源的火区封闭主动精准抑爆的方法并开展应用基础研究，实现对爆炸危险区的高效惰化，降低爆炸事故发生的频率。研究成果有利于认识火区封闭过程中瓦斯爆炸事故的发生规律，对于防止热动力灾害事故的发生，提高煤矿抗灾能力和应急救灾水平具有重要意义。

本课题围绕火区封闭进程中火源燃烧热动力特性、封闭阻力与火源热力扰动作用下瓦斯爆炸危险区域时空分布规律与火区封闭过程中爆炸危险区的主动抑爆方法等三个方面，进行了遗煤燃烧动力学特性分析、构建了工作面火区三维非均流场相似模型、开展了工作面火灾封闭进程中温度场演化、氧气、瓦斯、烟气等多组分气体运移规律等一系列物理模拟实验，在参数测试和模型研究的基础上，利用燃烧学、传热传质学理论建立了火区遗煤燃烧的数学模型和工作面火区封闭过程的数学模型；综合运用数值模拟和相似实验的方法，研究揭示了火区封闭过程中风速、温度场的变化趋势以及烟气、瓦斯在工作面及采空区内的运移规律、研究揭示了封闭后不同火源位置工况下火区内甲烷爆炸域的时空分布规律特征。得出了惰化抑爆的优化注氮方案，提出了矿用火区主动隔爆抑爆装置及其控制方法，完成了项目计划任务书中规定的研究内容。基于项目研究成果，撰写SCI学术论文5篇，申请发明专利5项，实用新型专利1项，出版学术专著1部，培养了研究生6名。