天然有机质及生物碳对寒旱区石油污染黄土中典型有机污染物环境行为影响的研究

The adsorption behavior is a key factor on the fate and ecological effects of organic pollutants in soil environment. As the typical organic pollutants in the cold and arid region in Northwest China, the adsorption of petroleum pollutants on environmental fate and effects for the other typical polar/nonpolar organic pollutants are important to futher understanding for the fate and ecological risk of multiple organic pollutants under the high load pollution state in the study area. At the same time, it also provides a scientific basis for the control and management to the multiple organic pollutant in cold and arid region in Northwest China. In our project, on the basis of discussion on mechanism, effectiveness and influencing factors of petroleum pollutants in soil/water interface adsorption affected by natural organic matters (including biochar), we will further understand the multiple interface environment behavior of the petroleum/soil/water/organic pollutants in the complex soil-system. Our study will focus on the adsorption mechanism of petroleum to loess soil affected by natural organic matter and biochar. The adsorption behavior, influencing factors, and mechanism of the typical polar/nonpolar organic pollutants in petroleum-contaminated soil will also be discussed in order to reveal the mechanism of transfer, transformation and bioavailability of organic pollutants which are influenced by natural organic matter and biochar in loess soil. The study will provide a scientific basis on pollution control for organic pollutants in soil in cold and arid region in Northwest China.

土壤对有机污染物的吸附是影响其在环境中迁移转化及归宿的主要因素之一。石油类污染物作为西北寒旱区黄土中典型有机污染物之一，了解其吸附行为及其对极性/非极性有机污染物环境行为的影响，有助于深入了解研究区域复合污染状态下有机污染物的复杂环境行为及生态风险，同时为区域内土壤有机污染控制和治理提供科学依据。本课题拟在研究石油烃在土壤/水界面吸附的基础上，探讨石油/土壤/水/有机污染物复杂体系中多界面的环境行为。重点研究有机质（提取天然腐殖质、土肥提取物）及生物碳对石油烃吸附的贡献和机理，系统研究典型极性/非极性有机污染物在石油污染土壤上的吸附行为，探讨石油污染物对有机污染物的吸附行为影响的作用机制。研究黄土中天然有机质及生物碳对典型有机污染物的阻控机制、时效性及影响因素，以揭示其对黄土中有机污染物迁移转化规律及作用机制，为区域土壤有机物污染控制提供科学依据。

土壤对有机污染物的吸附是影响其在环境中迁移转化及归宿的主要因素之一。石油类污染物作为西北寒旱区黄土中典型有机污染物之一，了解其吸附行为及其对极性/非极性有机污染物环境行为的影响，有助于深入了解研究区域复合污染状态下有机污染物的复杂环境行为及生态风险，同时为区域内土壤有机污染控制和治理提供科学依据。本课题通过提取黄土中天然有机质及制备不同温度、不同来源生物炭，采用元素分析、热重分析、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜及比表面积孔径分析等对其进行了表征；并在研究石油烃在土壤/水界面吸附的基础上，探讨石油烃及芳香烃在黄土中的吸附行为及影响因素和机理，研究了天然有机质（提取天然腐殖酸、富里酸）及不同生物质来源生物碳对石油烃和芳香烃及其它典型有机污染物（有机农药及环境激素等）吸附的贡献和机理，系统研究典型极性/非极性有机污染物在黄土及石油污染土壤上的竞争吸附行为，探讨石油污染物对有机污染物的吸附行为影响的作用机制。研究了黄土中天然有机质及生物碳对典型有机污染物的阻控机制及影响因素，揭示其对黄土中典型有机污染物（石油烃、芳香烃、农药及环境激素等）迁移转化规律及作用机制，为区域土壤有机物污染控制提供科学依据。