高强韧镁合金关键承力构件阻尼机理及协调控制技术

With the strong demand of weigth-reduction in the aerospace,aviation and weapon fields, Magnesiu alloy as a typical light structural material has become one of the most important material in above fields. Also, magnesium alloy with excellent damping properties can absorb most of the energy and decrease the vibration during vibrating process. But, for the most of magnesium alloys, with the increasing of damping properties, the mechanical properties decrease obviously, which decreases the demand of magnesium alloys in the aerospace, aviation and weapon fields. The contrary tendcy of danmping and mechanical properties are studied in the article by the investigation of precision forging process of a key load-bearing component. Through billet-forging,precision forging and heat treatments, the microstructure evolution is investigaged in the article. Then, the damping and mechanical properties are compared with each other in order to understand the intrinsic relationship between them. At last, the forging and heat-treatment processes are optimized to manufacture the key load-baearing component. The damping properties and mechanical properties are integrately controlled to obtain the excellent combined properties.

随着航空、航天和武器系统领域对轻量化的要求日益迫切，镁合金作为典型的轻质结构材料已经成为上述领域减重的首选材料之一。且镁合金还具有优异的阻尼性能，能够有效地吸收震动产生的能量而降低噪音和震动频率。但是，对于目前使用的镁合金材料来说，随着阻尼性能的提高，合金的力学性能急剧下降，严重影响镁合金在航空、航天和武器系统等领域的应用范围。针对镁合金的阻尼性能与力学性能这种“跷跷板”似的技术困境，本项目拟以一种高强韧镁合金关键承力构件为研究载体，通过对其开坯锻造、精密锻造和热处理等过程中的微观组织演化规律进行研究，分析高强韧镁合金的阻尼机理并与强化机制进行比较，确定阻尼机理与强韧化机制之间的内在本质联系。通过优化塑性变形和热处理工艺路径，制备阻尼性能和力学性能均相对优异的镁合金关键承力构件，实现高强韧与高阻尼之间的协调控制。

镁合金具有优异的阻尼性能轻质化的特性，能够有效地吸收震动产生的能量而降低噪音和震动频率、降低构件的重量，在航天航空领域具有较为广阔的应用前景。但是，对于目前使用的镁合金材料来说，随着阻尼性能的提高，合金的力学性能急剧下降，该特性严重影响镁合金在航空、航天和武器系统等领域的应用范围。针对镁合金的阻尼性能与力学性能这种“跷跷板”似的技术困境，本项目选取一种新型的稀土镁合金进行系统研究，依托于型号应用背景应用支架，分析研究了合金在铸态、锻态和热处理状态下的微观组织演变规律和阻尼机理，获得了该型合金兼具优良的综合性能的工艺途径，解决了传统高强镁合金阻尼性能较低的技术难题，提出该新型镁合金保证高阻尼性能的前提下改善合金强度的技术路径，通过等温精锻成功制备某型号应用背景的支架构件，为后续镁合金在航天器领域的应用奠定基础。