类质同像置换对粘土矿物晶体生长机制及表面反应性的制约

The utilization ability for non-metal mineral resources is a key indicator to evaluate the national industrial maturity. As a family of natural nanomaterials, clays and clay minerals have attracted great interests due to the applications in various industries. The utilization ability for non-metal mineral resources greatly depends on our knowledge about their formation mechanism, structure and properties. This application will focus on the isomorphous substitution and its effects on the crystal growth and surface reactivity of clay minerals, which has been a hot topic for a long term in mineral science. Micro-analysis techniques and quantum computation will be adopted in this study as the main techniques with a combination of field investigation and laboratorial characterization, and comparisons between natural and synthetic samples. On the basis of systematic investigations of crystal chemical characteristics, crystal growth and surface reactivity of smectite minerals, the following questions can be answered: 1) What are the features about isomorphous substitution in smectites and their controlling factors? 2) How does the isomorphous substitution affect the growth of smectite minerals? 3) What is the effect of isomorphous substitution on the surface reactivity of smectites? These are of high importance for well understanding the difference in the quantity of saponite and montmorillonite resources in the nature, efficient utilization of smectite resources and synthesis of their analogues.

非金属矿产资源的利用水平是衡量一个国家工业化成熟度的重要标志之一。作为天然纳-微米级非金属矿产资源的粘土矿物在国民经济中的作用已日显突出，而粘土矿物的利用水平在很大程度上取决于对其形成机理、结构与性能的认识。为此，本申请拟以当前国际矿物学界非常关注的粘土矿物类质同像置换特征及其对矿物晶体生长与表面反应性的制约机制为关键科学问题，从矿物晶体化学特征入手，采用微束、微区表征技术和量子计算等手段，通过野外调查与室内表征相结合、天然样品与合成样品的对比，系统研究蒙皂石矿物的晶体化学特征、生长机制、表面反应性之间的内在联系，揭示蒙皂石矿物结构中类质同像置换的特征及其影响因素，阐明类质同像置换对矿物晶体生长与表面反应性的影响及其制约机制。为认识和理解皂石与蒙脱石资源储量的差异性、物理化学性质的多变性等提供矿物学依据，为天然蒙皂石矿物资源的高效利用和皂石矿物的合成提供理论支撑，具有重要的理论和经济意义。

黏土矿物是一类天然的纳米材料，具有粒度小、活性高、分布广等特点，对地球系统的物质循环有重要制约，并在工业上得到了广泛应用。黏土矿物的特殊结构、形貌及其物理化学性能与其形成与生长过程密切相关。为此，本申请以控制矿物形态和晶体化学特征的矿物生长机制为关键科学问题，从矿物晶体化学特征入手，采用微束、微区表征技术和计算模拟等手段，通过野外调查与室内表征相结合、天然样品与合成样品的对比，系统研究蒙皂石等矿物的晶体化学特征、生长机制、表面反应性之间的内在联系，揭示了黏土矿物的形成与生长过程，阐明了类质同像置换对矿物晶体生长与表面反应性的影响及其制约机制，厘定了1:1型矿物向2:1型蒙皂石转化的黏土演化第三种途径，发现并率先提出了层状硅酸盐矿物的非传统生长机制。上述认识为理解黏土矿物结构与性能的多变性、资源分布的差异性等提供了矿物学依据，为黏土矿物资源的高效利用和合成提供了理论支撑，具有重要的理论和经济意义。