机场水泥道面超疏水防覆冰微纳阶层结构作用机理及调控增效研究

The extremely Rain-Snow weather in winter easily leads to airfield pavement snow and icing, which will affect the normal taking off and landing of flights, and even lead to security problems, causing in a lot of manpower and resources loss. At low temperature, the adhesive strength of "Ice-Airfield Pavement" is large and the ice slag embeds pavement surface cracks, which leads to the lower efficiency of the common deicing technology. Therefore, this project will introduce the concept of intelligent bionics, based on the design of lotus leaf anti-icing airfield cement pavement structure, focus on the theoretical model, action mechanism and regulation and synergistic effect of super-hydrophobic micro-nano hierarchical structure of the airfield pavement. Firstly, based on the design objective of maximum hydrophobic efficiency, a theoretical model of micro-column with micro-nano secondary structure of airfield cement pavement is established through multi-scale analysis and simulation, and used in the precise preparation of practical hierarchical structure, the "positive effect" mechanism of the structure on the efficiency of anti icing will be explored; Afterwards the compatibility of the hierarchical structure and airfield pavement performance (skid resistance and wear resistance) will be studied, which is also called "negative effect" mechanism; And then, couple the positive-negative effect and define the anti icing performance index, reveal the mechanism of comprehensive synergism, and conduct validation tests and evaluations, realize the controllable and adjustable anti-icing efficiency of airfield cement pavement. The expected results can provide new research ideas and development direction about anti-icing and deicing technology of the airfield pavement, and lay the theoretical and practical foundation for further promotion and application.

冬季极端雨雪天气易导致机场道面发生积雪覆冰，影响航班的正常起降，甚至引发安全性问题，造成大量人力物力损失。而低温下“冰－道面”粘结力大且冰渣嵌入道表缝隙，导致常用的除冰技术效率较低。为此，本项目拟引入智能仿生理念，在设计类荷叶防覆冰水泥道面结构基础上，重点开展道面超疏水微纳阶层结构理论模型、作用机理及调控增效研究。基于疏水效能最大化设计目标，通过多尺度分析和模拟，建立水泥道面微纳二级结构微柱理论模型，并应用于实际阶层结构的精细化制备，探明该构造对疏水防冰提升的“正效应”行为机制；开展该构造与道面性能（抗滑、耐磨）保障的相容性研究，即“负效应”行为机制；耦合“正-负效应”，定义防覆冰效能指数，揭示综合增效机理，并进行验证试验和评价，实现对机场水泥道面防覆冰效能的可控、可调。预期成果可为机场道面防冰除冰技术提供新的研究思路和发展方向，为后续推广应用奠定坚实的理论和实践基础。

冬季极端雨雪天气易导致机场道面发生积雪覆冰，影响航班的正常起降，甚至引发安全性问题，造成大量人力物力损失。而低温下“冰－道面”粘结力大且冰渣嵌入道表缝隙，导致常用的除冰技术效率不高。针对这一现象，本项目引入了超疏水仿生理念，设计了类荷叶防覆冰水泥道面结构及材料，开展了表面超疏水微纳阶层结构理论模型、作用机理及调控增效研究。通过多尺度分析和模拟，建立了水泥道面微纳二级结构微柱理论模型，并用于微纳阶层结构材料的精细化制备，表面超疏水层“液-固”接触角平均为153.2°，滚动角为1.3°。探明了该阶层构造及材料配比对疏水防冰提升的“正效应”行为机制，发现纳米颗粒与超疏水溶液的配比在1：20～50，疏水效果最优；影响防覆冰效应的因素序列关系：疏水溶液浓度＞纳米颗粒掺量＞混凝土掺合料细度＞混凝土水胶比＞水泥细度＞改性剂。开展了该构造与道面性能（抗滑、耐磨）保障的相容性研究，发现超疏水微纳阶层结构的引入，并未显著降低道面的抗滑、耐磨性能，均满足机场道面的使用要求；并确定了超疏水微纳阶层的制备与构造特征参数对水泥道面性能衰减的影响权重关系。在此基础上，通过设计防覆冰效能指数，定量揭示了微纳阶层结构材料的综合增效机制，并进行了验证试验和评价，实现了对机场水泥道面防覆冰效能的可控、可调。项目研究结果的获得，为机场道面防冰除冰技术提供了新的研究思路和发展方向，为后续推广应用奠定了理论和实践基础，对拓展机场道面防冰雪养护技术具有较强的理论价值及实践意义。