基于预制双向孔板的装配整体式剪力墙试验和理论研究

Housing industrialization is the trend of the residential construction with the mainly object of building a suitable structural technology system for industrialization. This project will mainly focus on the research of a new type of precast concrete shear wall structural system. Precast concrete slabs are adopted as a formwork, in which the longitudinal and horizontal holes compose a two-way cross hollow system. During the construction, the precast concrete slabs are assembled into a spacial skeleton with the reinforcement arranging in the horizontal and longitudinal holes, and then filled with concrete to form a structure. Comparing to conventional precast hollow slabs, horizontal holes are added in this new slabs, which makes it very convenient to arrange horizontal and vertical reinforcements in the wall to ensure the structural integrity. This kind of new shear walls start to fail with the vertical visible cracks around the inner joints and vertical joints and the whole shear wall is eventually split into several wall columns. The failure mechanism of the new structure can be considered a non-brittle one, and the wall damage can be concentrated in the predetermined position, which help improve the seismic performance. Overall, this kind of new shear wall has the advantages of high industrialization degree, being convenient and reliable to connect the joints. The research intends to conduct on the key configurations, mechanical performance and design method of this new shear wall, mainly including: (1) Key joint configurations and their impact on the structural load bearing capacity and ductility. (2) Theoretical model for load bearing capacity and design formulas and hysteretic model for this precast shear wall. (3) Seismic performance of the new shear wall and practical design methods.

住宅产业化是住宅建设的发展方向，核心是建立工业化结构体系。本项目研究一种新型预制混凝土剪力墙结构，它将预制双向孔板作为模板，施工时将双向孔板装配成空间骨架，在孔内布置钢筋、浇筑混凝土形成整体结构。预制双向孔板内开有由纵向孔道、横向孔道形成的交叉孔道，比传统预制空心板增加了横向孔，方便布置墙体水平和竖向钢筋，孔道内后浇混凝土交叉连接在一起，保证了结构整体性。新型剪力墙在弹性阶段为整截面墙，在弹塑性阶段沿竖向接缝和内部接缝出现竖向裂缝，墙体演变为分缝墙，可以避免脆性破坏，把损伤集中在预期的部位，抗震性能良好。新型剪力墙工业化程度高，接缝连接方便可靠，本项目拟研究新型剪力墙的关键构造、受力机理及设计方法，包括：①研究新型剪力墙的接缝构造及其受力机理；②研究新型剪力墙的受力性能，建立承载力计算理论模型和设计公式，提出墙体恢复力模型；③研究新型剪力墙整体结构的抗震性能，提出实用设计方法。

基于预制双向孔板的装配整体式剪力墙（空心模剪力墙）是一种新型装配式混凝土剪力墙结构，具有制造技术简单、安装快捷的优势，可以产生显著的经济效益和社会效益。课题通过试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟，对空心模剪力墙进行了全面的研究。进行了29个不同剪跨比、不同轴压比、不同配筋、不同空心模构造的足尺剪力墙抗震性能试验，得到了空心模剪力墙的受剪、受弯破坏形态和破坏模式；在试验基础上，对空心模剪力墙的刚度、承载力、延性、恢复力特性、耗能能力、竖向接缝和竖向裂缝处相对变形以及应变分布规律等进行了较系统地研究，重点研究了内部结合面和竖向接缝对墙体受力性能的影响规律和机理，验证了水平接缝和竖向接缝构造，并提出了空心模剪力墙受弯承载力和受剪承载力计算公式和设计方法。本项目研究成果已纳入设计规程，并应用在工程实践中。