非理想含铝炸药驱动的非等熵膨胀理论及非线性特征线法研究

Aluminized explosive is one of the typical non-ideal explosives, whose detonation behaviors can’t be described by the well-known Chapman-Jouget (CJ) model or the Zeldovich-Nwuma-Doering (ZND) model. During the expand process of detonation products, the aluminum powders will react with the detonation products, therefore, the expand process of detonation products is non-isentropic. In order to analyze the non-isentropic theory of the detonation products during the expand process of detonation products, the change of thermodynamics entropy caused by the oxidation of aluminum powders will be discussed and the assumption of local is-entropic process will be proposed. Moreover, the kinetic response of aluminum particles in the detonation wave and the degree of aluminum reaction with the detonation products during the process of expand of detonation products will be analyzed. The non-isentropic model for the flow of detonation products of aluminized explosives will be established. Applying the method of characteristic line to analyze the non-isentropic model, and the velocity history of metal plate driven by the aluminized explosives will be calculated, and the flow of detonation products behind the metal plate will be analyzed. The metal plate acceleration test and cylinder experiment will be conducted to reflect the contribution ability. Through the VISAR and optical high speed photography, the velocity history of metal plate and the expansion displacement of cylinder wall will be measured. At the same time, the degree of aluminum reaction during the expand process of detonation products may be discussed. Compare the calculation results with the test results and verify the correctness of the non-isentropic model, which will provide foundation to analyze the expand process of detonation of aluminized explosives.

含铝炸药作为一种典型的非理想炸药，其爆轰行为呈现明显的非理想特征。在含铝炸药爆轰产物膨胀过程中，铝粉与爆轰产物发生氧化反应放出热量，所以爆轰产物的膨胀过程是一个非等熵过程。本项目旨在研究含铝炸药爆轰产物膨胀过程的非等熵理论，首先通过对铝粉反应引起系统的热力学熵变的分析，拟提出爆轰产物膨胀过程的局部等熵假设。其次分析铝粒子在爆轰波作用下的动力学响应以及铝粉在爆轰产物膨胀驱动过程中的反应度研究，建立含铝炸药爆轰产物的非等熵流动模型。拟采用特征线方法理论计算该模型，得到含铝炸药爆轰产物驱动金属板的速度以及金属板后爆轰产物流场中状态参数的时空分布。本项目拟进行两种试验：驱动金属板试验以及圆筒试验，通过激光干涉仪和光学高速摄影分别测量金属平板的速度历程以及圆筒壁膨胀位移来评估炸药的做功能力，分析铝粉在爆轰产物中的反应度情况。对比试验结果与理论结果，验证含铝炸药爆轰产物非等熵流动模型的准确性，为理论研究含铝炸药爆轰产物膨胀做功提供理论依据。

目前，对于含铝炸药的爆轰过程的解释还在依赖二次反应理论、热化学稀释理论等，没有考虑到由于铝粒子尺寸效应对主体炸药爆轰过程的影响。对于纳米粒子，其本身在爆轰过程中升温速度较快且着火点低于粒度更大的微米级铝粒子，所以其提前参与爆轰反应对于爆轰波阵面上的爆轰参数有很大影响。本研究针对不同粒度（200nm、2um、20um）、不同含量（0、5%、15%、25%）铝粒子的含铝炸药配方展开研究，探究每个配方中铝粒子的热力学反应和动力学行为，建立各个时刻铝粒子的反应度模型。然后，根据理想炸药爆轰产物流动及驱动特性，基于提出的“局部等熵”理论假设，采用非线性特征线的方法分析各个配方含铝炸药爆轰后对金属飞片的驱动特性，解决不能科学合理地描述含铝炸药爆轰膨胀驱动的非等熵过程的关键科学技术问题，可以开拓性创建描述含铝炸药爆轰膨胀驱动过程的“局部等熵”热力学理论和非线性特征线方法，增加对含铝炸药爆轰膨胀驱动过程参数的理论预测手段。