碳纳米复合材料固载抗体蛋白新方法的研究

Immunoprotein immobilization is the core technology and key issues in the construction of electrochemical immunosensor. Carbon nanocomposite has been widely used in this process, because of its abundant surface chemical properties, biocompatibility and superconducting properties. This project proposes to immobilize antibody based on carbon nanocomposite by using LB film technology, taking carbon nanomaterial (CNTs/graphene) as the host, gold (shell) nanoparticles as the guest and protein A/chitosan as functional molecules to synthesize series of functional carbon nanocomposite. The aim is to further improve the LB film character of carbon nanocomposite and the interaction between it and antibody. Using LB film technology, the activity binding sites of carbon nanocomposite was fully exposed, which was favourable to enhance the immobilized property for antibody. The influence of different forming conditions on the micro-morphology of carbon nanocomposite LB film and immobilized property for antibody were dicussed, and new ideas and technologies were provided for the preparation of immunosensor. Finally, the electrochemical immunosensor was used to build sensitive electrochemical analysis method for tumor markers and biological toxin, to clear its application prospects in the clinical testing, food security and environmental monitoring.

免疫蛋白的固载是电化学免疫传感器构建的核心技术和关键问题。碳纳米复合材料因其丰富的表面化学性能、生物相容性和超导性能在免疫传感器的构建中得到广泛应用。本项目设想采用LB膜技术搭建基于碳纳米复合物的抗体蛋白固载平台，拟以碳基纳米材料(CNTs/石墨烯)为主体，金(壳)纳米粒子为客体，蛋白A或壳聚糖为功能化试剂，制备一系列功能化碳纳米复合材料，增强复合材料与抗体之间的相互作用，同时改善其LB膜成膜性能。利用LB膜有序、均匀、可控的特性将复合材料的活性结合位点充分暴露，提高抗体的固载性能，构建新型的电化学免疫传感器。探讨成膜条件对复合物LB膜微观形貌以及抗体固载性能的影响，为免疫传感器的构建提供新的思路和技术。建立对肿瘤标记物以及生物毒素高灵敏的电化学免疫检测方法，明确其在临床检测、食品安全和环境监测方面的应用前景。

碳纳米复合材料在碳纳米材料上结合其它材料，使不同材料之间优势互补，从而体现出优良的电化学性能和丰富的表面化学性能。为了研究碳纳米复合材料在电化学传感器中的应用潜能，本项目首先以碳纳米管为基体材料，采用LB膜技术，结合聚苯胺和十八胺等辅助成膜材料，探索碳纳米管垂直排列于玻碳电极表面的新方法，构筑了一系列有序排列的碳纳米管LB膜修饰电极，并通过对中草药活性成分的检测，考察了修饰电极的电化学分析性能。然后以石墨烯为基体材料，采用超声法、水热法和原位还原等方法，在其表面负载Au、Pd、Pt、TiO2、SnO2等多种金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒，所制得石墨烯纳米复合材料不仅可用于修饰电极，实现对药物小分子、中草药活性成分、环境污染物等目标物的高灵敏检测，还可用于固载适配体等生物大分子，构建针对肿瘤标记物的电化学传感平台。