热湿性能导向的竹材建筑围护结构设计基础研究

The application of bamboo in building industry possesses multiple potentials such as high-value utilization of bamboo forest resources and improvement of building sustainability. However, it faces bottlenecks such as lack of basic parameters, design methods and technical standards, which needs urgently solutions from materials and architecture disciplines. The project defines typical industrial bamboo products and building envelope respectively as the research objects on material and building levels, and hygrothermal performance as the research orientation. Firstly, a bamboo building envelope research model based on coupled heat and moisture process (HAM) would be established, which uses the HAM-based program WUFI as the computing core, integrates the parametric tool Grasshopper and the multi-objective optimization program modeFRONTIER, to form a computer tool for construction simulation and design optimization. Afterwards, the design basic parameters would be improved and perfected, including the typical bamboo property parameters obtained through material tests, and the meteorological data of the ‘Hygrothermal Reference Year - HRY’ for representative cities from typical climate regions of China through Meteonorm. Then Guangzhou would be set as external condition to verify the rationality of the above design model and computer tool through the Hot-Humid climate wind tunnel and laboratory room experiments. Finally, the typical climate regions of China would be set as the external condition to carry out a large sample of coupled heat and moisture process simulation, and the guidance for climate adaptive construction design would be provided through single factor impact analysis of the simulation results to clarify the impact of material, construction and external meteorological parameters on the hygrothermal performance. The research project would provide design model and computer tool, design basic parameters and construction design method guidance for the application of hygrothermal performance oriented bamboo building envelope, and form a foundation for the future promotion of bamboo application in building industry, as well as the development of assembled and standardized bamboo construction systems.

推广“建筑用竹”具有竹资源高值化利用和建筑可持续发展等潜力，然而面临着缺乏基础参数、设计方法和技术标准等瓶颈。本项目界定竹材工业化利用典型产品和围护结构为材料和建筑层面研究范围，以热湿性能为导向，首先将建立基于热湿过程耦合（HAM）的研究模型，以基于HAM的程序为运算核心，整合参数化工具和多目标综合优化程序，形成构造模拟和设计优化的计算机工具；尔后为此完善设计基础参数，包括典型竹材性质参数测试和我国典型气候区代表城市气象数据整理；再以广州为外部条件，借助热湿气候风洞和实验房，校验设计模型及计算机工具的合理性；最后以我国典型气候区为外部条件，对竹材建筑围护结构进行大样本的热湿过程模拟，通过对模拟结果的因子影响分析，明确材料与构造参数及外部气象条件对构造热湿性能的作用规律，为气候适应性构造设计提供指导。研究将为热湿性能导向的竹材建筑围护结构应用提供设计模型及计算机工具、基础参数和构造方法指引。

本项目基于热湿学方法，围绕“建筑用竹”，开展材料、构造、建筑设计基础研究：. 1）竹材建筑围护结构热湿学模型研究。在我国夏热冬暖、夏热冬冷和温和气候区开展气象参数基础研究，开发了南方9个代表城市逐时、全要素的“测试参考年”和“热湿参考年”气象数据；阐明了各气象要素以及2）中获得的材料参数，对轻质和重质外墙热湿性能的作用敏感性，提出基于热湿过程耦合（HAM）模型的材料和气象参数要求。. 2）竹材热湿性质基础研究。首次系统地对竹材工业化利用典型产品进行物理性质测试，获得完整的热湿性质参数；量化竹材生产工艺、基本物理性质、热湿物理性质之间的相关性规律，为热湿性质为导向的竹材工业生产和应用提供参考；设置多组热湿环境梯度测试竹材霉菌生长指数，拟合了竹材霉菌生长速率-温湿度关系，据此进行了霉菌敏感性分级和安全使用边界界定。. 3）气候适应性竹材构造设计优化研究。在基于HAM的计算机程序WUFI中设置大样本的材料、构造和建筑工况进行模拟，通过因子影响分析明确了层式构造隔板、空气层、保温填充层、调湿填充层和立面雨水对热湿性能影响规律；开发了气候适应性竹材外墙构造专利，为热湿性能导向的竹材层式构造设计提供方法指导。. 4）“以竹代木”的热湿学论证。开展竹、木建筑构件和围护空间单元的平行对比，阐明不同外部气候和构造类型工况下的竹、木性能优劣关系；以全年外墙热湿场、室内热湿环境和HVAC需求为建筑围护结构的性能指标，论证了在我国南方乃至亚太竹区“以竹代木”的热湿性能可行性，提出了竹材优势产品及其与木材市场竞争的建议。. 5）亚太竹区可持续竹建造理论与方法研究。针对亚太竹区自然和社会资源特点，构建“资源驱动型可持续竹建造”理论；开发竹建造的可持续评价模型，并提出“资源效率”概念及其计算方案；在东亚、南亚、东南亚-太平洋诸岛，系统开展基于资源效率的可持续评价模型、基础参数、建造方法和应用案例研究，提出了适应当地气候条件、竹林资源和建造技术的可持续建造方案。