有序介孔碳活化过硫酸盐对超滤净水膜污染调控效能与机理研究

The integrated process based on ultrafiltration (UF) has been used in large-scale and industrialized applications in drinking water plants, but the problems of membrane fouling by natural organic matter still restrict its application. To this end, the adsorption and catalytic properties of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) are intended to be utilized, and OMCs activated persulfate is applied as a pretreatment strategy in this project. Based on the idea of "control efficiency −influence factor−action mechanism", the proposed tasks are designed as follows: (1) The efficiency of fouling control is investigated, specifically, the filtration performance and fouling property are analyzed and characterized, then the mechanisms of micro-interface interaction between pollutants and membranes are parsed by XDLVO theory. (2) Influence rules of key factors on the regulation efficiency of membrane fouling are investigated, i.e., the coupling mode of OMCs and membrane, water composition and process conditions, furtherly the process performance is optimized. (3) The synergistic effects between OMCs and persulfate are illustrated, and the degradation and transformation rules of the membrane foulants are revealed, thus the action mechanisms of OMCs activated persulfate on membrane fouling are parsed. The proposed research will make breakthroughs on membrane fouling control strategy and action mechanism, which may provide solution thoughts and technical supports for the fouling problems faced by UF membranes.

以超滤膜为核心的组合工艺在城镇饮用水厂实现了规模化和工业化应用，但水中天然有机物引发的膜污染问题仍是制约其进一步发展的瓶颈。为此，本项目拟利用有序介孔碳材料（OMCs）的吸附和催化特性，采用OMCs活化过硫酸盐体系作为超滤膜前处理手段，以“调控效能－影响因素－作用机理”为主线，重点考察该体系对膜污染的调控规律，进行膜过滤性能分析和膜污染特性表征，利用XDLVO理论解析污染物与膜之间的微观界面作用；探究OMCs与膜耦合方式、原水水体成分和工艺条件等关键因素对膜污染调控的影响规律，进一步开展工艺特性优化研究；阐明OMCs与过硫酸盐之间的协同作用机制，揭示膜污染物在反应体系中的降解与转化规律，从而解析OMCs活化过硫酸盐体系对膜污染的作用机理。本项目研究将在膜污染调控策略和作用机理上实现突破，从而为超滤膜面临的膜污染问题提供解决思路与技术支持。

以超滤膜为核心的组合工艺在水处理领域实现了规模化应用，但在长期运行中仍存在膜污染技术瓶颈，其中大分子有机物被认为是最主要的膜污染物之一。与常规微孔净水材料相比，有序介孔碳（OMCs）具有规则有序的孔道结构、单一的孔径分布和均一可调的孔径尺寸，对大分子有机污染物具有更好的吸附效果，同时OMCs还具有较高的催化活性，在膜污染缓解方面具有一定的应用潜力。因此，本项目选取2种典型OMCs材料，即六方结构的CMK-3和立方结构的CMK-8，以OMCs活化过硫酸盐作为超滤膜前处理手段，构建膜污染控制技术体系；开展膜过滤性能分析和膜污染特性表征，明确了膜污染的调控规律，解析了污染物与膜之间的微观界面作用；探明了OMCs与膜耦合方式、水体成分和工艺条件等关键因素对膜污染调控的影响规律，开展组合工艺特性优化研究；鉴别了反应体系中的氧化活性物种，辨析了自由基和非自由基氧化过程，揭示了膜污染物的降解与转化规律，解析了膜污染的调控原理。在国内外高水平期刊发表论文20篇，其中SCI检索19篇，授权国家发明专利3项，培养硕士生3名，协助培养博士生1名。后续将在此基础上研究长期净水过程中OMCs的再生与回用问题，以实现资源化回收利用。本研究成果在膜污染调控策略和作用机理上实现突破，为超滤膜面临的膜污染问题提供解决思路与技术支持。