冶金炉渣矿相资源化重构与定向控制基础研究

Mineralogical phase reconfiguration for utilizing metallurgical slag and separation michanism of price metal are studied. The component and ratio of CaO-SiO2-FeO in copper smelting slag are changed by means of adding additives such as oxidation calcium, oxidation sodium etc. Then microwave characterized with selective heating and the catalytic chemical reactions are used to enforce and accelerate the multi-mineralogical phases configuration process under the conditions of low temperature, less additives and less reductants. Mineralogical phase reconfiguration are carried out, which fayalite, vitreous, and bornite in metallurgical slag are decomposed and new phrases as calcium silicate and FeO are formed. In-situ reduction of FexOy/CuO to metal phase with a physical embedded metallic substance is performed while carbon as reduction agent is added in the process of configuration. Simultaneously arsenic, lead and zinc are catalytically reducted and enriched in fume to recycle in advanced process. As a result, the aims are implemented in a complex metallurgical slag system that valuable metals such as copper and iron are recycled and separated effectively, and that toxic heavy metal arsenic is separated from the slag and controlled in fume. Advanced scientific technology as SEM, XRD, TG/DTA, TEM, Element Detection and Microwave high-temperature reaction technology are employed for undertaking the research on phase evolution and transformation of multi-phase complex metallurgical slag under a conditions of gas-solid multiphase reaction systems. Consequently the scientific issues which effectively separate iron and copper in the complex metallurgical slag is revealed.

研究冶金炉渣矿相资源化重构及其有价金属分离规律。在铜渣中加入氧化钙、氧化钠等助剂，改变渣中CaO-SiO2-FeO组元的数量与比例，将铁橄榄石相、玻璃质相等多元多相矿物在中低温下资源化重构为硅酸钙相和解离出FeO。在重构的同时加入碳质还原剂和辅以微波辐照催化技术，将FexOy、CuO原位催化还原为金属相，砷锌催化还原并挥发而在烟尘中富集。通过微波辐照及缓冷手段获得呈物理嵌布、晶相界面清晰的还原与重构产物，通过铁与铜分离性能的研究，借助SEM、XRD、TG/DTA 、TEM、元素分析检测、微波电磁理论及Factsage热力学分析等手段，研究铜渣矿相重构与原位还原机理与晶相定向调控机制，研究CaO-SiO2-FeO-Na2O四元系熔渣的结构及理化性质，揭示多元多相复杂冶金炉渣中矿物相的相变及传递规律，揭示微波辐照在矿物相重构与还原中的催化机理，解决复杂冶金炉渣综合利用的科学问题。

研究冶金炉渣矿相资源化重构及其有价金属分离规律。在铜渣中加入氧化钙、氧化钠等助剂，改变渣中CaO-SiO2-FeO组元的数量与比例，于中低温下将铁橄榄石相、玻璃质相等多元多相矿物资源化重构为硅酸钙，并解离出FeO与加入的碳质还原剂发生原位还原反应，实现铜冶炼渣中的铁转变为单质金属铁。重构与原位还原过程辅以微波辐照催化技术，催化重构及原位还原在中低温下实现，砷锌催化还原并挥发而在烟尘中捕集。通过微波辐照及缓冷技术协同作用获得呈物理嵌布、晶相界面清晰的重构与还原产物，达到易于实现铁与铜分离的目的。借助SEM、XRD、TG/DTA 、TEM、ICP-AES等分析表征手段，研究铜渣矿相重构与原位还原机理与矿物相定向调控机制，研究CaO-SiO2-FeO-Na2O四元系熔渣的结构及理化性质。.研究结果表明，将铜冶炼渣中CaO与SiO2摩尔数之比调整为1:1，加入铜渣质量50 wt%的无烟煤作为还原剂，微波辐照加热能催化矿相重构，并发生原位碳热还原反应。反应温度1050~1100 ℃、反应时间90~120 min, 可以将铜渣中的硅酸铁、磁铁矿及非晶态中的氧化铁重构、还原为单质铁，铁的金属化率达93.26 wt%；重构与还原过程中90.5wt %的锌从气相挥发，以氧化锌产品形式捕集，且氧化锌含量达91.2 wt%；重构与还原产物磁选分离得到铁含量达92.24wt%的海绵铁，海绵铁产品中Cu的质量分数小于0.2 wt%，铁回收率达到90.10 wt%; 非磁性产物浮选后得到的铜精矿含Cu达到22.32 wt%, 铜回收率达到76.8 wt%; 浮选尾渣中铁的含量小于1.5 wt%, 铜含量小于0.2 wt%，其他成分与硅酸盐水泥成分相近，能直接用于建材行业。微波辐照不仅金属化率高，且能降低重构与还原温度100~150℃，缩短反应时间2~2.5 h，研究成果揭示了多元多相复杂冶金炉渣中矿物相的相变及传递规律，也揭示微波辐照在矿物相重构与还原中的催化机理，有效解决复杂冶金炉渣综合利用的科学问题。