使用旋翼无人机和气象铁塔协同观测细粒子及黑碳气溶胶的近地层垂直分布

China is currently facing serious regional air pollution problems. The fine particles and black carbon aerosols are the most prominent air pollutants that not only a threat to public health, but also an important radiative forcer which climate effects cannot be ignored. Black carbon in the atmosphere is the dominating light-absorbing substance, resulting a warming. On the other hand, fine particles have a cooling effect due to their light scattering abilities. Large uncertainties still exist in climate effects estimation of black carbon and of fine particles, due to the lack of field observations on their vertical profile. Therefore, observational studies on the vertical distribution of black carbon and fine particles is particularly urgently required. This study propose to conduct observation at the 350 m met tower in Shenzhen as well as in Guangzhou supersite of Jinan University. Measurements will be conducted under different weather conditions and pollution levels during dry and rainy season. Simultaneous vertical profiling of black carbon and fine particles by multi-copter UAV equipped with portable instruments and meteorological tower can be performed. The object to reveal the regular pattern of vertical profiles of black carbon and fine particles under different meteorological conditions and pollutant levels, and quantify their contribution proportion. Conducting black carbon and fine particles vertical profile observational studies, is not only conducive to understand its evolution of the vertical distribution with meteorological factors and pollutant levels variations, but also can reduce the uncertainty in radiative forcing estimation and then provide scientific knowledge that can accurately assess their climate effects.

我国目前面临的区域空气污染问题形势较为严峻，而其中细粒子及黑碳气溶胶不仅威胁公众健康，同时也有不可忽视的气候效应。黑碳作为大气中最主要的吸光性物质具有暖化的辐射强迫，细粒子的光散射特性使其具有冷却效应。目前黑碳及细粒子的气候效应估算仍然存在着很大的不确定性，其中一个重要的原因就是其垂直廓线野外观测数据较为缺乏。因此，开展黑碳及细粒子的垂直分布观测研究显得尤为迫切。本研究拟选择珠三角地区的深圳350米气象铁塔和广州的暨大超级站作为观测点，分别选取旱季以及雨季不同气象条件及灰霾污染程度下，协同使用旋翼无人机搭载便携仪器和气象铁塔部署固定仪器开展黑碳及细粒子的垂直廓线观测。开展垂直分布的观测研究，不但有利于深入了解黑碳及细粒子垂直分布随气象要素和污染条件变化的演化规律，并且能缩小其辐射强迫估算的不确定性，进而为准确评估其气候效应提供科学依据。

黑碳作为大气辐射强迫因子，其气候效应仍存在较大不确定性，其中一个原因是对其在大气中的垂直分布观测较少，尤其是近地层，在以往飞机航测中不能覆盖。本研究利用无人机以及铁塔两种技术手段，克服各种困难在珠三角多个地区开展黑碳垂直廓线野外观测，其中无人机的观测有澳门(2018年2-3月)，深圳（2017年12月，2018年8月），广州（2018年9-10月），鼎湖山（2019年1月，9月），车八岭（2019年8月），验证了无人机观测的可行性，建立起无人机观测的标准流程，获得了一大批宝贵的数据。深圳气象铁塔的观测也组织了干湿两季（2017年12月，2018年8月），对黑碳近地层廓线在不同气象条件下的日变化有了进一步的深入认识，取得了较好的成果，截至2019年12月已发表SCI论文4篇，中文核心2篇，另有1篇SCI已返回审稿意见修改中, 1篇SCI投稿中。登记实用新型专利1项，软件著作权5项。