智能材料力电磁耦合行为的鼓泡表征方法及实验系统研制

Novel electromagnetic intelligent materials have not only the characteristics of traditional electromagnetic materials, but also special magnetoelectric coupling response functions, which have important application prospects and defense significance. But the investigations of this kind of materials are still in the primary stage. Many key scientific problems such as constitutive relation, normal/reverse magnetoelectric response mechanisms, interfacial coupling mechanisms and control mechanisms have not been deeply understand and study at present, which limit their widespread applications. Especially they have heterogeneous, complicated force-electromagnetic coupled physical and mechanical behaviors and multilayer interface coupling characteristics at micro scales, which lead to new challenges and difficulties of current experimental characterization techniques and instruments. Other new test characterization methods and apparatus are desired to be developed. This project is based on the transformation and upgrade functions of existing blister method and test platform, and assemble electric loading system, magnetic field and calibration system, electrical testing system, magnetic measurement system and high precision 3D strain optical test system. We put forward a set of new characterization technique and test system with forece-electromagnetic coupling loading and forece-electromagnetic coupling real time test functions, which will provide a strong experimental platform and research methods to study multi-field coupling behaviors of electromagnetic intelligent materials and verify theoretical results of force-electric-magnetic coupling field theory. The system would play an important role in promoting the developments of multi field coupled response, failure mechanisms and products quality of other new intelligent materials, structure and their devices.

新型电磁智能材料不仅具有传统电磁材料的特点，而且还有特殊的磁电耦合响应特性，具有重要的应用前景和国防意义。但目前人们对这类材料的研究还处于探索阶段，对其本构关系、正/逆磁电响应机理、界面耦合机理和调控机制等关键科学问题尚未深入理解和解决，进而限制其广泛应用。由于它们具有非均质、力电磁全耦合物理力学行为等特性，导致现有实验测试表征技术及仪器遇到了全新的挑战，亟待发展新的试验测试表征方法及仪器。本项目通过对现有的鼓泡法及测试平台进行改造和功能升级，设计和组装电场加载系统、磁场加载及标定系统、电学量和磁学量测试系统以及高精度三维应变光学测试系统，提出一套力电磁耦合加载和力电磁耦合实时测试的实验新表征技术及测试系统，为掌握电磁智能材料多场耦合行为和验证力电磁耦合场理论研究结果提供一个强有力的实验平台和研究手段，为新型智能材料、结构及其器件的多场耦合响应、破坏机理和产品质量的研究起到重要推动作用。

针对缺乏表征层状电磁薄膜材料力电磁耦合响应的实验测试方法和仪器设备的现状，开展了以下研究工作：(1) 研制了一套力电磁多场耦合加载的新型多功能鼓包测试平台，实现了多场耦合加载和多物理量实时测试功能（授权国家专利2项）。(2) 探索和发展了基于溶胶凝胶法制备层状电磁薄膜材料鼓包试样的工艺流程和参数（授权国家发明专利2项）。(3) 发展了一种适应于鼓包测试分析的铁电材料本构模型，得到了不同电压下PZT薄膜的d31、e31、c13、弹性模量和残余应力的变化规律。(4) 发展了一种适应于鼓包测试分析的铁磁材料本构模型，得到了不同磁场下NFO铁磁薄膜磁致伸缩系数变化特点。(5) 研究了Ni薄膜力磁耦合特性，分析了油压对Ni磁化进程的影响，讨论了磁场和应力场之间的竞争机制。(6) 研究了在力磁耦合条件下PZT/Ni材料磁学性能。随着油压的增大，PZT/Ni的最大磁化信号、剩余磁化信号和矫顽力均呈现减小趋势。(7) 在电磁耦合环境下测试了PZT/Ni薄膜磁滞回线，获得不同电场对PZT/Ni薄膜材料最大磁化信号的影响。(8) 表征了不同油压下PZT/CFO复合薄膜体系电学特性，得到了油压对PZT/CFO体系电滞回线特征参数的影响。(9) 完成了不同电场下PZT/CFO复合薄膜体系力学测试，发现在同等油压条件下，薄膜挠度随着电场增加而降低。(10) 不同磁场下PZT/CFO复合薄膜材料力学测试，基于压磁效应讨论了PZT/CFO体系油压挠度曲线变化特征。(11) 研究了电场对BNT薄膜弹性模量调控，得到了BNT薄膜弹性模量随电压的变化关系。(12) 研究了油压对BNT薄膜电滞回线的影响。随着油压升高，BNT薄膜电滞回线中最大极化强度和剩余极化强度逐渐增加，而矫顽场逐渐减小。(13) 系统研究了NFO薄膜力磁耦合特性，从磁畴角度详细解释了NFO薄膜弹性模量和磁致伸缩系数变化机制。(14) 系统研究了BNT/NFO复合薄膜力电磁耦合性能，分别在磁场或电场作用下，得到了BNT/NFO薄膜弹性模量和极化特性。总之，项目组发展了一种力电磁耦合鼓包测试新技术和设备，综合研究了在力电磁多场条件下智能材料力电磁响应特性，为研究其它功能薄膜材料多场耦合性能提供了重要的实验基础。