内蒙古黄灌区土壤环境中典型POPs迁移机制及降解特性研究

In recent years, POPs often be detected in the Yellow River water, Inner Mongolia is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, the western region mainly is mainly dependent on water of the Yellow River, then the Yellow River soil will suffer the pollution of POPs. So research on POPs soil environment of Inner Mongolia Yellow River irrigation area in a very urgent, this project is based on the Yellow River water pollution status of POPs research, the typical POPs (HCHs, PCBs and PAHs) will be selected as the target pollutant, the pretreatment methods and detection method will be established for the soil sample, we will study the Occurrence level and distribution characteristics of POPs , make sure the effects of physicochemical properties and migration mechanism of The target pollutants on POPs by indoor soil column leaching test. At the same time, selected Hong Wei Tian water-saving irrigation district as demonstration area, study the migration characteristics of pops in soil system and crop system. A preliminary study on the mechanism of indigenous microbial degradation of POPs in demonstration zone, provide scientific basis of the treatment and repair for POPs of ecological agriculture and soil from Yellow River irrigation area. Provide data support for the POPs pollution status database of soil environment build national and global, fill the blank of POPs research in soil of the Yellow River, has the vital significance to seek safety irrigation technology.

近年来黄河水中常有持久性有机污染物（POPs）检出，内蒙古地处黄河中上游，西部地区主要依赖黄河水灌溉，随之黄灌区土壤会遭受POPs污染。因此，开展内蒙古黄灌区土壤环境中POPs的研究十分迫切。本项目在对黄河水中POPs污染情况调研的基础上，选取典型POPs(HCHs、PCBs及PAHs)为目标污染物,建立适用于该灌区土壤样品的预处理方法及检测方法，确定灌区土壤中POPs的赋存水平及分布特征，通过室内土柱淋溶试验，确定目标污染物的迁移机制及土壤理化性质对POPs的影响；选取河套灌区红卫田节水灌溉园区为示范区，研究POPs在土壤-农作物系统中的迁移特征，探讨土著微生物降解POPs的机理，为黄灌区生态农业及土壤中POPs的治理及修复提供科学依据，为建立全国乃至全球的土壤环境中POPs污染现状数据库提供数据支持，填补黄灌区土壤中POPs研究空白。对寻求安全灌溉技术具有重要意义。

六六六（HCHs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）是典型的持久性污染物，具有高毒性，在环境中长时间存在并具有长距离迁移的能力。近几年来黄河水中有HCHs及PCBs检出，内蒙古西部地区主要依赖黄河水灌溉，因此污染物会随水源进入土壤中，探究内蒙古黄灌区土壤中HCHs及PCBs的迁移机理及来源，评价其潜在风险显得尤为关键。本项目在对研究区域工、农业排污情况、种植结构、灌溉方式、农药使用情况调查的基础上，针对内蒙古黄灌区盐渍化程度较严重的特性，对传统的前处理方法进行了优化，最终建立了适用于内蒙古黄灌区土壤中HCHs及PCBs的监测方法。并对比研究不同灌溉方式、不同种植结构及不同土质等条件下， HCHs、PCBs在土壤系统中的迁移规律，探究其主要累积层位，分析影响其迁移行为的主要理化因素和环境条件，对其来源进行解析，并评价其潜在风险。根据实测资料并结合室内盆栽实验，研究目标物质在根际土壤及作物根茎叶中的残留水平及迁移规律。通过土柱淋溶实验，考察不同土壤理化性质、土壤类型、有机质含量、淋洗强度、目标污染物浓度及其类型，对POPs在土壤中迁移规律的影响。为黄灌区生态农业及土壤中POPs的治理及修复提供科学依据，对寻求安全灌溉技术具有重要意义。