基于快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学的除草剂活性和安全性评价体系研究

Herbicides include the photosynthesis inhibitors, which act directly on the photosynthetic system, and non-photosynthesis inhibitors which influence indirectly the photosynthetic apparatus and photochemical reactions by disturbing cell metabolism and inducing oxidative stress. Fast chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and JIP-test for the analysis of the fluorescence transients O-J-I-P reflect the precise changes occurring on the specific site during the photochemical reaction. This project will investigate systematically the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients of 26 weeds and 5 crops under the stress of 48 herbicides, such as ALS-, ACCase-, EPSPS-, HDDP-, PPO-, PSⅠ-and PSⅡ- inhibitiors respectively, and explore the relationship of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the weeds and crops with herbicides stress intension. The purposes are to establish the evaluation system of herbicide bio-activity and safety based on the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients and JIP-test, and to make the rapid, non-destructive determination of herbicide bio-activity to target weeds and diagnosis of herbicides phytotoxicity to crops in practice. In addition, this research will provide the theoretical support to design independently integration apparatus applied to determine the herbicide bio-activity and safety, and the practical guidance to herbicides scientific application, phytotoxicity preventation and remedy in production.

化学除草剂主要通过直接作用于光合系统或通过干扰细胞代谢过程、引发氧化胁迫间接影响光合机构功能和光化学反应的正常进行，而快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学及其分析技术（JIP-test）可快速、准确、无损化地反映光化学反应过程特征位点的精细变化。本研究选择7大类（ALS、ACCase、EPSPS、HDDP、PPO、PSⅠ和PSⅡ抑制类）48种化学除草剂、26种农田杂草和5种农作物，系统研究靶标杂草和主要农作物叶绿素荧光诱导动力学对上述化学除草剂的胁迫响应，探明靶标杂草、适用作物快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数与上述除草剂胁迫强度的内在关联及数学相关性，建立基于叶绿素荧光诱导动力学及其分析技术的化学除草剂生物活性和作物安全性评价体系，实现化学除草剂生物活性和作物安全性的快速、无损化测定，为自主设计化学除草剂生物活性和安全性一体化检测仪器奠定理论支撑，为化学除草剂科学使用、药害预防与修复提供实践指导。

快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学及其分析技术（JIP-test）可快速、准确、无损化地反映光化学反应过程特征位点的精细变化，化学除草剂作为一种非生物胁迫因子，直接或间接影响植物光合作用，本项目通过化学除草剂胁迫下杂草和作物的叶绿素荧光诱导动力学响应，寻求快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数与除草剂胁迫强度的相关性，初步建立了以快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学特征参数、综合参数为基础的化学除草剂活性、安全性评价方法，探索了不同杂草种群对除草剂的敏感性差异、光合作用抑制剂在植物光合器官的精确定位、环境胁迫对外来入侵杂草光系统的影响及耐胁迫机制，促进了快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学在植物非生物胁迫领域的应用，推动了化学除草剂生物活性和作物安全性快速、无损化测定技术的发展，发表论文4篇，申请专利3项，授权专利2项，科技奖励1项，参加国内外学术会议2次。