基于农用地养分收支平衡的多情景畜禽粪便还田空间分配研究

Studying on spatial distribution of applying livestock manure to farmland can be widely used in the fields such as environmental pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding industry, utilization of livestock manure, the planning layout of livestock and poultry farm and so on. At present, the traditional researches on spatial distribution of applying livestock manure to farmland are carried out by the administrative area scale, which ignore the spatial heterogeneity between the farmlands in the administrative region. And the existed studies having carried out on land patch scale are difficult to satisfy the science and accuracy of spatial distribution of applying livestock manure to farmland because of not considering farmland nutrient balance completely. On the base of the basic spatial scales in the livestock and poultry farm, village and patch, this project explores the capacity of livestock manure on patch scale by fusion analysis of multi-source heterogeneous data based on farmland nutrient balance taking the typical livestock and poultry breeding region of Minhou County, Fuzhou City as the study area. On this basis, the model of spatial distribution of applying livestock manure is built after analyzing the key factors which influencing spatial distribution of applying livestock manure and their relationships. Finally, the scheme of spatial distribution of applying livestock manure is studied in scenarios of different chemical fertilizer application strategy and proportion of large-scale farming based the model of spatial distribution of applying livestock manure. The research will provide theoretical basis for rational utilization of livestock and poultry waste resources and scientific basis for management decision of government departments such as agriculture, environmental protection and so on.

畜禽粪便还田空间分配研究可广泛应用于畜禽养殖业环境污染防治、畜禽粪便资源化利用、养殖场规划布局等领域。传统以行政区尺度开展的畜禽粪便还田空间分配方法忽略了行政区内部农用地之间的空间异质性，而现有的地块尺度畜禽粪便还田空间分配未能全面考虑农用地养分收支平衡，难以保证结果的科学性和准确性。本项目选择南方典型畜禽养殖区域福州市闽侯县作为研究区，以养殖场/自然村（散养）和地块为基本空间尺度单元，通过多源异构数据融合分析，探索基于农用地养分收支平衡的地块尺度农用地畜禽粪便承载力；在此基础上，分析影响畜禽粪便还田空间分配的关键要素及其相互关系，构建畜禽粪便还田空间分配模型；最后，基于提出的分配模型，研究不同化肥配施策略与规模化养殖比例情景下的畜禽粪便还田空间分配方案。本项目的实施可为畜禽养殖废弃物资源化合理利用提供理论基础，为农业、环保等政府部门的管理决策提供科学依据。

科学合理地进行畜禽粪便还田空间分配是畜禽粪便还田资源化利用的重要前提。但目前畜禽粪便还田空间分配研究在行政区域尺度上多忽略农用地之间的空间异质性，在地块尺度上未能全面考虑农用地养分收支平衡，同时缺乏还田空间分配时的多情景分析。本项目选择南方典型畜禽养殖聚集区域——福州市闽侯县为研究区，开展了基于农用地养分收支平衡的多情景畜禽粪便还田空间分配研究。主要研究成果：以欧盟耕地畜禽粪便氮、磷限量标准和国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司推荐值的耕地畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷指标获得了研究区空间地块尺度的农用地畜禽粪便氮、磷养分承载力；基于农用地养分承载力结果，结合指数加权法、GIS建模和空间分析方法，建立了基于农用地面积的畜禽粪便还田空间分配模型、以及考虑养殖场与耕地之间的距离、耕地的面积和耕地磷养分含量3个主要因素的畜禽粪便还田空间分配模型和考虑养殖场与农用地之间的距离、农用地的面积、农用地阳离子含量、农用地的坡度、农用地的类型、农用地养分含量6个因素的畜禽粪便还田空间分配模型；在此基础上，利用上述畜禽粪便还田空间分配模型，提出了考虑不同影响因素的多种畜禽粪便还田空间分配方案，建立了农用地和养殖场之间的还田空间分配关联关系，定量识别了畜禽粪便还田空间分配后仍有盈余的养殖场。研究结果对农业面源污染防治、畜禽粪便资源利用、养殖业空间布局、区域土地资源优化配置等具有重要意义。