遗传和环境对金钗石斛药材品质的影响研究

Dendrobii Herba is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and as a major source of Dendrobium nobile Lindl, Now in the market Dendrobii Herba supply is mainly composed of planting ones, which are basically from Sichuan Province, Guangxi Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province etc. This project is to research Dendrobium nobile Lindl, by setting experiments like:multi-fostering, quality-comparing test and GC technology，using mathematics and computer pattern recognition to manage and analyze, in order to explain the quality differentiation of Dendrobium nobile Lindl in different environment and germplasm. The purpose is to discuss the way the heredity, environmental factors, and interaction effect influent on the quality. At the same time based on the environmental factors of the producing area of Dendrobium nobile Lindl., this project also studies the environmental mechanism of quality formation. The result of the study has a vitally theoretical and practical significance to uncovering the formation mechanism of Dendrobium Nobile Lindl, distinct quality seed selection of Dendrobium Nobile Lindl, targeted picking right field, realizing the construction of the demonstrating foundation for high quality and strong seedling cultivation and guiding artificial cultivation, ensuring the production and supply of high quality Dendrobium nobile Lindl, protecting the wild source of Dendrobium nobile Lindl and developing the Chinese-medicine-planting industry. Meanwhile, this project is a significantly valuable reference to other researches on the genuineness of multi-sourced and captive medical material.

石斛是我国重要的传统药材，金钗石斛作为药材石斛来源的主流品种，现市场上以栽培品为主，主产于四川、广西、云南和贵州等省。本项目以金钗石斛为研究对象，通过在其主要道地产区设置多点栽培、品质比较试验，应用气相色谱等分析技术，数学及计算机模式识别技术进行数据整理与统计分析，解析不同环境、不同种质的金钗石斛品质的差异性。目的是探讨遗传和环境因子及其交互效应对其品质的影响作用。同时根据金钗石斛主要产区的生态因子探讨品质形成的环境机制。本项目的研究结果对于深入揭示金钗石斛品质形成的机制，选育金钗石斛优良品系，针对性地优选适宜栽培地，实现优质培育和指导人工栽培示范基地的建设、保证优质金钗石斛的生产和供应，保护金钗石斛野生资源，发展中药材种植产业具有重要的理论和实践意义。同时，本项目的研究方案对于其他多来源、人工栽培药材的道地性研究也具有重要的参考价值。

种质和环境因素一直是影响中药材质量的关键，本项目以金钗石斛为研究对象，通过多点栽培品比试验，从外观性状及化学活性成分含量的角度，采用数理统计学分析方法，探索了种质因素、环境因素以及种质与环境的交互效应对金钗石斛药材品质的影响。研究结果表明茎长、茎直径及单茎鲜重受种质因素影响较大；叶长、叶宽受种质与环境因素交互作用影响较大。多糖的含量主要受种质与环境因素交互作用影响，石斛碱的含量主要受种质因素的影响。同时，本课题还对金钗石斛的适宜采收期、性状及显微特征、金钗石斛花的质量开展研究，较科学系统地研究了金钗石斛药材质量，对优选金钗石斛最佳的栽培地、金钗石斛品种选育，发展当地名优石斛品牌、保证优质金钗石斛生产和供应具有重要理论和实践意义，对中药石斛的质量研究有重要的参考价值。