硫化矿加压湿法冶金的机理研究

In recent years, the pressure hydrometallurgical technology has used extensively in the field of metal extraction from ores due to its significant advantages on high metal recovery, excellent adaptability and flexibility, and environment-friendly. However, there is still disagreement on the mechanism of pressure oxidation of sulfide minerals and ores and the extensive research in the relevant field is lacking. Thus, the common and key issues of pressure leaching of sulfide minerals will be addressed in this project with the purpose to enhance or promote the migration and/or the separation of various components. Ideally, the purpose of metallurgical processes could be achieved with the less degree of reaction than that of stoichiometry, thus with lower energy and material consumption and lower environmental impact (or term it as “The Minimum Chemical Reaction Principle”). The project will focus on: (1)The theoretical analysis and research on chemical-physical process of pressure hydrometallurgy; (2)Migration and oxidation mechanism of sulfur under different temperature and pressure; (3)Leaching behaviors and interactional mechanism of Fe; (4)Leaching kinetics and the multiphase mass transfer behavior; (5)Behaviors of anions in the pressure leaching system; (6)Behaviors of associated elements in the pressure leaching system. The extensive research on these critical issues will help to establish the process control system, to develop novel technologies and processes, and to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient utilization of nonferrous metal resources.

加压湿法冶金因具有可处理复杂原料、环保友好、回收率高等优点，近年来在矿产资源开发领域应用越来越广。但矿物在加压浸出过程中的机理仍不明晰。本项目针对硫化矿加压湿法冶金过程，围绕矿物组元强化迁移及分离的共性和关键科学问题，实现提取过程资源、能源和环境相结合的最小化学反应量，采用微观工艺矿物学、界面化学和气液固多相传质等物理化学方法，通过①加压湿法冶金物理化学过程理论分析及研究；②温度和压力场作用下硫的迁移规律和氧化机制；③加压过程铁浸出行为和作用机理；④多相传质规律与动力学机理研究；⑤阴离子在加压体系中行为研究；⑥伴生元素在加压体系中行为研究等关键科学问题的研究，阐明矿物组元在加压湿法冶金过程的界面行为和迁移规律，构建温度场下矿物氧化与过程调控的评价体系，提出复杂硫化矿处理的新工艺和新技术，为实现有色金属资源高效开发提供理论指导和技术支撑。

本项目主要针对硫化矿加压湿法冶金过程中矿物组元强化迁移及分离的共性和关键科学问题，采用微观工艺矿物学、热力学、动力学、电化学、界面化学和气液固多相传质等物理化学方法，从多个方面进行了研究，主要有：（1）对典型硫化矿物进行了详细完整的工艺矿物学研究；并进行了铁闪锌矿、硫化钼矿、硫化铜矿和砷黄铁矿热力学研究，推导出了黄铜矿氧化反应与非氧化反应路径及相关机理。（2）系统研究了硫化锌加压氧化过程中硫的氧化形态及在多因素影响下的变化行为；对比分析了黄铁矿和硫化钼在不同体系中硫的变化行为；考察了硫的包裹及减缓机制，揭示其迁移规律及氧化机理。（3）通过电化学曲线、浸出渣工艺矿物学、动力学试验等，查明了铁矿物在硫化物氧化浸出过程中的演变行为，铁在反应过程中的溶出、催化、沉淀之间的演变规律，阐述其控制机制。（4）通过对闪锌矿、黄铜矿、钼精矿、铜钴矿和（砷）黄铁矿进行多相传质-动力学研究以及电化学研究；建立了动力学反应模型，明确了多相传质及反应规律。（5）考察了阴离子（Cl-/NO3-）、稀贵金属（Mo/Au）、伴生元素（Ga/Ge/As）在浸出中的行为；在此研究中提出了多项硫化矿资源处理的新工艺和新技术，为实现硫化矿高效开发利用提供理论指导和技术支持。