利用高原条件进行的可对中子与质子谱进行区分测量的多球谱仪的研究

Bonner balls spectrometers have been widely used in neutron energy spectrum and dose measurement. In aerospace, aviation and plateau neutron measurement, there are many charged ions such as protons also in environment. Because these charged particles will generate neutrons in spherical shell balls, so the spectrometers are sensitive to protons and other charged ions. The accuracy of neutron measurements will be affected by this process. In 2001, the Japanese scientists claimed in a literature that the neutrons, protons and other charged ions were real-time distinguished successfully by a set of miniaturized Bonner balls first timely in STS - 89 space station. Our study is to use the specific character that the cosmic rays in plateau area also contains a lot of(compared to lower elevations) neutrons and protons. The theoretical calculation and experiment will be combined in the study. The Bonner balls which detectors are 3He proportional counter will be used to measure the neutron and proton spectrum at the same time. Compared with foreign developed Bonner balls spectrometers that can distinguish the neutrons and protons real-timely, this study will aim at plateau (foreign currently working aimed at aerospace and aviation abroad). Because how to light the heavier need not to be considered excessively, the more balls can be used. So the more wide measured neutrons energy range can be gotten. The special spectrum resolved method is put forward in this study plan also. The achievements of this project may be applied in the dose measurement of neutrons and protons in aviation and spaceflight field in the future.

多球（伯纳球）谱仪是广泛用于中子能谱及剂量测量的仪器。在航天、航空、高原的中子测量中，环境中质子等带电离子也具有较多的成分。因这些带电粒子会在谱仪球壳内生成中子，使得谱仪对这些粒子也灵敏，从而影响中子测量的准确度。2001年，日本科学家通过文献声称在STS-89空间站上，第一次利用可实时测量的小型化伯纳球谱仪实现了对中子与质子等带电粒子的区分。本研究即利用高原地区宇宙射线中同时含有大量的（与低海拔地区相比）中子与质子的特点，结合理论计算和实验，研究利用3He计数管多球谱仪对中子与质子谱同时进行测量的方法。同国外研制的可对中子与质子成分进行区分的多球谱仪相比，本研究针对高原地区（国外目前工作针对航天与航空），因不必过分考虑轻便化，从而可设计更多的球，使得测量中子能量范围更宽。本项目也提出了针对性的解谱方法。本项目的成果日后也可能推广应用于航空、航天领域的中子与质子剂量测量中。

多球（伯纳球）谱仪是广泛用于中子能谱及剂量测量的仪器。在航天、航空、高原的中子测量中，环境中质子等带电离子也具有较多的成分。因这些带电粒子会在谱仪球壳内生成中子，使得谱仪对这些粒子也灵敏，从而影响中子测量的准确度。本项目即利用高原地区宇宙射线中同时含有大量的中子与质子的特点，结合理论计算和实验，研究利用He-3计数管多球谱仪对中子与质子谱同时进行测量的方法。本项目设计了多个不同厚度的聚乙烯球和辅助球，作为He-3计数管的屏蔽层，扩展了中子能量测量范围，并就质子与He-3计数管的作用原理及其甄别方法进行了初步研究。研制的多球谱仪被用于高海拔地区中子和质子谱的实时测量。本项目开发了一款少道粒子解谱软件，利用该软件对实测的中子和质子谱进行了解谱分析，达到了预定的目标。该成果日后也可能推广应用于航空、航天领域的中子与质子剂量测量中。