重载列车作用下既有普速铁路道岔区轮轨接触特性与动力响应的研究

High axle load wagons operating on existing ordinary railways has been recognized as one of the developing directions of the heavy haul transportation. Nowadays in China, it is one of the hot issues in railway industry to control deformation and failure of existing ordinary railways under the effect of high axle load wagons. When a haul wagon passes through a railway, the dynamic interaction between wagon and turnout structure is increased, and the service life of turnout structure is seriously shortened. In order to solve these problems, this project takes turnout structure of ordinary railways under the effect of high axle load wagons as the object. In combination with an axial slice projection method and wheel-rail contact partition method, wheel/rail multi-point contact and non-elipitical contact patch are investigated , and then wheel/rail normal contact behaviours are analyzed. With wheel/rail dynamical friction characteristics introduced, wheel/turnout tangential contact behaviours are investigated. Proceeding from the dynamic interaction between heavy haul wagon and track, a heavy haul train-track coupled dynamical model is developed and the model validation is done through the corresponding test. The dynamical effect of high axle load wagons on turnout structure of existing ordinay railways and dynamical adjustability strategies of the turnout safety service are investigated. The research results can perfect theory of the design and maintenance of the railway track, and promote the technical innovation and harmonious development of heavy haul tranportation in China, which is of certain theoretical significance and important social value.

既有普速铁路重载化是货物运输发展的方向之一，在我国控制既有普速铁路在重载列车作用下的变形和破坏问题是当前铁路行业关注的热点。铁路货运的重载化加剧了机车车辆与道岔结构的动态相互作用，大大降低了道岔结构的使用寿命。针对这一问题，本课题以重载列车作用下既有普速铁路道岔结构为研究对象，将切片投影法与轮轨法向接触分区模型相结合，研究轮岔多点接触与非椭圆斑特性，分析轮岔法向接触行为；引入轮轨接触动摩擦特性，分析轮轨切向接触行为。从重载列车和道岔动态相互作用出发，建立重载列车—道岔耦合动力学模型分析重载列车对既有普速铁路道岔结构的动力影响以及道岔结构对重载列车安全服役的动力适应性对策，并通过相应试验手段验证模型有效性。研究成果可完善我国铁路轨道的设计与维护理论、促进我国重载运输的技术创新与和谐发展，具有一定理论意义和重要的社会价值。

重载运输更是尤以大运量、高效率、低运价见长，因而为许多幅员辽阔、资源丰富、大宗货物运量大的国家所青睐。采用理论分析、数值仿真与现场试验相结合的方法，以27t轴重重载货车和12号60kg/m钢轨混凝土枕单开道岔为研究对象，从道岔转辙区轮轨接触特性和动力学两方面入手，一方面提出道岔区动态轮对切片投影法和应力非线性修正法研究了转辙区静态轮岔接触特性，并引入负斜率摩擦特性以考虑道岔区内轮轨大滑动情形对其切向力的影响；另一方面通过多体动力学理论建立27t轴重重载货车-12号道岔耦合动力学模型，研究了转辙区内轮岔动力相互作用的一般规律以及行车速度和轮轨摩擦系数对动力作用的影响规律，研究分析了道岔区轨道结构和几何不平顺对轮岔动力相互作用的影响，并根据动力学评价标准给出重载化普速铁路道岔不平顺控制限值。研究成果可为普速铁路重载化提供理论支撑，也可促进重载铁路的技术创新与和谐发展，具有一定理论意义和重要的社会价值。