多尺度转换的三江平原典型湿地植被生态-水文耦合模型研究

The quantitative relationship research of the eco-hydrology coupling is beneficial to the high-precision prediction of the ecological consequences that be caused by the hydrological process change as well as changing in hydrological pattern. It also plays an important role in providing theoretical basis and methodological support for the maintenance of the benign regional eco-hydrology pattern as well as the protection and restoration of important ecological system. The Honghe National Nature Reserve of Sanjiang Plain is selected as the study area in this project, which has been listed as a key international wetland within the Ramsar list in 2002. By integrating the wetland vegetation eco-hydrologic prototype observation system and the digital stimulation method, the authors develop a wetland vegetation inhabit humidity index model to stimulate the fluctuation and transformation of surface water and soil moisture in time and space quantitively during flood process on slope scale. After integrating the geography information technology (e.g.remote sensing) and the traditionally hydrological monitoring technology, the project aims to construct such a wetland vegetation inhabit humidity index model of twenty five years process on catchment scale by a variety of techniques including scale transformation and the assimilation of multivariate datas. Meanwhile, based on the eco-hydrological response model of five typical vegetation communities, the authors analysis the coupling mechanism of interaction between wetland vegetation and their habit water stituation throughout spatio-temporal process pattern quantitively. The research work of this project is of great significance in revealing the actuating mechanism of ecology degradation in freshwater wetland of which the habitat degradation of wetland vegetation is regarded as the key, seeking for wetland water resources management strategies which aim to protect the ecology system, accelerating the intercourse and integration of the information technology and the wetland science and enriching the research about wetland model approaches and quantifying the wetland science.

湿地生态水文耦合定量关系研究有助于更加精准地预测水文过程与格局等条件变化可能带来的生态后果, 为良性生态水文的格局过程维持或恢复提供理论依据。本研究以重要国际湿地三江平原洪河自然保护区为案例，基于湿地原型观测技术与数字模拟方法集成，构建定量模拟坡面尺度湿地洪泛过程中地表水-土壤水时空连续波动和转化的湿地植被生境湿度指数模型。探索将遥感等地学信息新技术与多元常规监测技术集成后，运用包括尺度转化和多元数据同化等技术，构建集水区尺度多时空过程的植被生境湿度模型。同时，在5种典型植物种生态水文响应模型基础上，定量分析湿地植物及其栖息地水生境要素间时空格局过程耦合交互作用机制。揭示以沼泽湿地植物生境退化为核心的三江平原淡水湿地生态退化驱动机制，寻求以特定生态保护为目标的湿地水资源管理策略，促进信息技术与湿地科学的交叉与综合，进一步丰富湿地模型技术方法和湿地科学定量化发展。

湿地生态水文耦合定量关系研究有助于更加精准地预测水文过程与格局等条件变化可能带来的生态后果, 为良性生态水文的格局过程维持或恢复提供理论依据。本研究构建和优化了内陆洪泛平原沼泽湿地河岸原型观察系统，面向河岸湿地洪泛过程与土壤过饱和的湿地环境特征，研究探索了沼泽湿地特有的土壤水-地表水集成监测新方法与新技术。针对沼泽湿地环境特有的地表水-土壤水时空界面耦合特征，通过原型观测技术和数字模拟集成技术，构建了沼泽湿地河岸坡面尺度的植物生境湿度静态指数模型。面向河岸坡面尺度沼泽湿地洪泛过程特征，以及集水区边界不闭合，河道特征不明显等基本特征，针对洪泛平原沼泽湿地环境表浅层土壤水-地表水波动特征，构建了河岸坡面尺度的SSWW分布式水文过程模型。运用包括多尺度转化和多元数据同化等技术，面向湿地植物生理过程耦合洪泛过程特征，构建点-河岸坡面-集水区多尺度多时空过程的沼泽湿地多植物生境生态水文模型。面向农业挤占湿地用水和沼泽湿地生态需水不足深层次区域可持续发展问题，依据沼泽湿地景观缩减和农田开垦双向过程基本特征，开展了浓江河区域沼泽湿地开垦过程中的水资源失衡定量评价分析，揭示以沼泽湿地植物生境退化为核心的驱动三江平原淡水湿地生态退化机制。此外，在构建的多种典型植物种生态水文响应模型基础上，以北京郊区大石河流域和黄河口滨海湿地为对象，进一步发展创新了以上内陆湿地生态水文过程模型理论方法，探索了更广泛的湿地生态水文模型应用场景，研究完善了相关的湿地模型技术与方法。多尺度转换的湿地植被生态-水文多要素耦合模型研究探索，有助于揭示以湿地植物生境退化为核心的湿地生态退化机制，对于寻求以特定生态保护目标的湿地水资源管理策略，具有重要现实意义。同时，对促进信息技术与湿地科学的交叉与综合，进一步丰富湿地模型技术方法和湿地科学定量化发展科学意义重大。《内陆湿地生态过程水文时空反演、模拟与安全调控》研究成果获得梁希林业科学技术奖科技进步二等奖，相关成果在《Science of The Total Environment》，《Ecological Indicators》等国际顶级期刊发表，针对沼泽湿地过湿环境水分监测仪器研究设计获得3项国家发明专利授权。