基于图谱分析的湿地景观变化与水文过程响应关系研究

Abstract：.Water is the the key question of wetland survival in arid or semiarid regions. The study of response relationship between wetland landscape changes and hydrological processes is the prerequisite and foundation to recognize the wetland ecological system structure, process and function, to protect the wetland ecological system, to reconstruct the wetland resource, and to allocate water resource reasonably. At present, development spatio-temptoral simulation model is the tendency of analyzing geography process, and to improve the limitations of current geography process on process analysis. Classical geographic simulation model solves mainly the spatial variable changes with time, the causal relationship between geographical phenomena, but ignores the geographical phenomena interaction in space. Therefore, we take the most typical wetland distribution of Yinchuan Plain in the west of China as the experimental area. The analysis method of Geo-information TuPu is used to study the response relationship between wetland Landscape changes and hydrological processes. The remote sensing image and the precipitation, the dosage of the Yellow River water, the water consumption of production and living by nearly 35 years are taken as basic data. The spatio-temporal simulation model of the response relationship between wetland landscape changes and hydrological process is established by using cellular automata. According to different hydrological process，wetland landscape change process is simulated. The response relationship TuPu between wetland landscape changes and all kinds of hydrological processes is constructed by using simulation dates. The response relationship between wetland landscape changes and hydrological processes in Yinchuan Plain wetland is expected to reveal. This project is expected to put forward a new method by using spatio-temporal simulation model to construct Geo-information TuPu.

水是干旱半干旱区湿地生存的核心问题。基于水文过程的湿地景观变化研究是认识湿地生态系统的结构、过程与功能，进行湿地生态保护与恢复重建以及水资源合理配置的前提与基础。目前对地理过程的分析，国际上更多地倾向于发展空间明晰的时空模拟模型。经典的地理模拟模型，主要解决了空间变量随时间变化与地理现象间的因果关系，忽略了地理现象在空间上的相互作用问题。为此，项目以我国西部湿地分布最为典型的银川平原区为试验区，利用地学信息图谱分析方法，以近35年来的遥感图像及其对应时期的降水量、黄河引水量、生产生活耗水量等水文数据为基本信息，建立基于元胞自动机的湿地景观变化与水文过程响应关系的时空模拟模型，依据不同水文情势下的湿地景观情景模拟结果，构建湿地景观变化与各种水文过程响应关系图谱，揭示湿地景观变化与水文过程的响应关系。有望提出利用时空模拟模型构建湿地景观变化与水文过程响应关系图谱的新方法。

干旱半干旱地区的湿地是维持荒漠生态系统物种多样性的中心基质。项目借助3S技术，运用地学信息图谱的分析理念，通过对银川平原湿地的空间格局时空一体化分析，建立了基于水文特征的银川平原湿地分布格局图谱，分析了土地利用覆被和土壤盐渍化等生态系统与该地区湿地景观格局过程的作用机制,建立了银川平原湿地景观格局与土地利用强度变化\土壤盐渍化、水文特征空间关联分析模型，建立了基于Geo-CA模型的湿地景格局格局演化时空一体化情景模拟模型。为全面认知西北干旱半干旱地区湿地的退化过程与机理，对改善我国西北干旱半干旱地区的生态与环境，保护干旱地区水源以及物种多样性，维护区域生态稳定有着重要的意义。